Abe Y., K. Ito, C. Okamura, H. Niikura, Y. Terada, T. Murakami, T. Takano, N. Ozawa, H. Nagai, Y. Wada, S. Uehara, T. Watanabe, S. Tanigawara, S. Wagatsuma, Y. Yoshida, T. Igarashi, M. Suzuki, K. Nakagawa, K. Okamura, and N. Yaegashi. Cervical cytologic examination during physical checkup of pregnant women: cervical cancer screening in women under the age of thirty. Tohoku J Exp Med 204 (3):221- 228, 2004.
Ades A. E., S. Parker, J. Walker, W. D. Cubitt, and R. Jones. HCV prevalence in pregnant women in the UK. Epidemiol Infect 125 (2):399-405, 2000.
Agencia Española de Medicamentos. Guía de Prescripción Terapéutica. Información de medicamentos autorizados en España. www.imedicinas.com/ GPTage/ Home.php (Última actualización: 18 junio 2008; accedido el 1 junio 2012).
Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality. The Guide to Clinical Preventive Services 2012. Recommendations of the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force. Rockville (MD): U.S. Department of Health and Human Services; Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ); March 2012. Report No.: 12-05154.
Ahaneku J. E., J. I. Adinma, G. I. Ahaneku, B. O. Nwosu, P. C. Nwofor, and C. C. Okoli. Serum urea and uric acid concentration in pregnant women in suburban commercial community in Africa. Niger J Clin Pract 12 (2):216-218, 2009.
Aizpurua Galdeano P.and M. Aparicio Rodrigo. El cribado universal de hipotiroidismo en gestantes no mejora el coeficiente intelectual de sus hijos a los tres años. Evid Pediatr. 2012;8:41.
Alexander J. M., A. M. Grant, and M. J. Campbell. Randomised controlled trial of breast shells and Hoffman’s exercises for inverted and non-protractile nipples. BMJ 304 (6833):1030-1032, 1992.
Allen L. H. and J. M. Peerson. Impact of multiple micronutrient frente a iron-folic acid supplements on maternal anemia and micronutrient status in pregnancy. Food Nutr Bull 30:S527-S532, 2009.
Alwan N. A., D. C. Greenwood, N. A. Simpson, H. J. McArdle, K. M. Godfrey, and J. E. Cade. Dietary iron intake during early pregnancy and birth outcomes in a cohort of British women. Hum Reprod 26 (4):911-919, 2011.
American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. Guidelines for Perinatal Care, Sixth Edition. ACOG, Octubre 2007.
Ananth C. V., J. C. Smulian, and A. M. Vintzileos. Incidence of placental abruption in relation to cigarette smoking and hypertensive disorders during pregnancy: a meta-analysis of observational studies. Obstet Gynecol 93 (4):622-628, 1999.
Anderson A. S. and M. J. Whichelow. Constipation during pregnancy: dietary fibre intake and the effect of fibre supplementation. Hum Nutr Appl Nutr 39 (3):202-207, 1985.
Anonymous. A randomised controlled trial of Doppler ultrasound velocimetry of the umbilical artery in low risk pregnancies. Doppler French Study Group. Br J Obstet Gynaecol 104 (4):419-424, 1997.
Anonymous. ACOG Committee Opinion No. 343: psychosocial risk factors: perinatal screening and intervention. Obstet Gynecol 108 (2):469-477, 2006.
Anonymous. ACOG Committee Opinion No. 443: Air travel during pregnancy. Obstet Gynecol 114 (4):954, 2009.
Anonymous. ACOG Committee Opinion No. 495: Vitamin D: Screening and supplementation during pregnancy. Obstet Gynecol 118 (1):197-198, 2011.
Anonymous. ACOG Committee Opinion No. 518: Intimate partner violence. Obstet Gynecol 119 (2 Pt 1):412-417, 2012.
Anonymous. ACOG Practice Bulletin No. 77: screening for fetal chromosomal abnormalities. Obstet Gynecol 109 (1):217-227, 2007.
Anonymous. ACOG practice bulletin. Perinatal viral and parasitic infections. Number 20, September 2000. (Replaces educational bulletin number 177, February 1993). American College of Obstetrics and Gynecologists. Int J Gynaecol Obstet 76 (1):95-107, 2002.
Anonymous. Committee opinion no. 453: Screening for depression during and after pregnancy. Obstet Gynecol 115 (2 Pt 1):394-395, 2010.
Anonymous. Committee opinion no. 453: Screening for depression during and after pregnancy. Obstet Gynecol 115 (2 Pt 1):394-395, 2010.
Anonymous. Multicentric study of efficacy of periconceptional folic acid containing vitamin supplementation in prevention of open neural tube defects from India. Indian J Med Res 112:206-211, 2000.
Anonymous. Prevention of neural tube defects: results of the Medical Research Council Vitamin Study. MRC Vitamin Study Research Group. Lancet 338 (8760):131-137, 1991.
Anonymous. Prevention of varicella: Recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP). Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. MMWR Recomm Rep 45 (RR-11):1-36, 1996.
Anonymous. Revised ACIP recommendation for avoiding pregnancy after receiving a rubella-containing vaccine. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 50 (49):1117, 2001.
Anonymous. Rubella (German measles) in pregnancy. Paediatr Child Health 12 (9):798-802, 2007.
Anonymous. Updated recommendations for use of tetanus toxoid, reduced diphtheria toxoid and acellular pertussis vaccine (Tdap) in pregnant women and persons who have or anticipate having close contact with an infant aged < 12 months — Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP), 2011. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 60 (41):1424-1426, 2011.
Anti M., G. Pignataro, A. Armuzzi, A. Valenti, E. Iascone, R. Marmo, A. Lamazza, A. R. Pretaroli, V. Pace, P. Leo, A. Castelli, and G. Gasbarrini. Water supplementation enhances the effect of high-fiber diet on stool frequency and laxative consumption in adult patients with functional constipation. Hepatogastroenterology 45 (21):727-732, 1998.
Antonangeli L., D. Maccherini, R. Cavaliere, C. Di Giulio, B. Reinhardt, A. Pinchera, and F. ghini-Lombardi. Comparison of two different doses of iodide in the prevention of gestational goiter in marginal iodine deficiency: a longitudinal study. Eur J Endocrinol 147 (1):29-34, 2002.
Arbyn M., A. Anttila, J. Jordan, G. Ronco, U. Schenck, N. Segnan, H. G. Wiener, A. Herbert, J. Daniel, and L. von Karsa. European guidelines for quality assurance in cervical cancer screening, second edition. Luxembourg: Office for Official Publications of the European Communities, 2008.
Arena Ansótegui J, Emparanza Knörr JI. Estudio de la ingesta de yodo en los niños de 6 meses a 3 años de edad de Guipúzcoa. An Pediatr (Barc) 2012;76:65-68.
Armstrong K. L., J. A. Fraser, M. R. Dadds, and J. Morris. A randomized, controlled trial of nurse home visiting to vulnerable families with newborns. J Paediatr Child Health 35 (3):237-244, 1999.
Arrizabalaga JJ, Larrañaga N, Espada M, Amiano P, Bidaurrazaga J, Latorre K, Gorostiza E. Evolución del estado de nutrición de yodo en los escolares de la Comunidad Autónoma del País Vasco. Endocrinol Nutr. 2012;59:474-484.
Austin M. P. and J. Lumley. Antenatal screening for postnatal depression: a systematic review. Acta Psychiatr Scand 107 (1):10-17, 2003.
Bailey J. M., P. Crane, and C. E. Nugent. Childbirth education and birth plans. Obstet Gynecol Clin North Am 35 (3):497-509, ix, 2008.
Bailón Muñoz E., L. rribas Mir, and L. Landa Goñi. Actividades preventivas en el embarazo. Grupo de Actividad Preventiva en la Mujer del PAPPS, 2009. Consultado online en www.papps.org/upload/file/05 PAPPS 20ACTUALIZACION 2009.pdf (acceso el 2 de mayo de 2012).
Bakketeig L. S., S. H. Eik-Nes, G. Jacobsen, M. K. Ulstein, C. J. Brodtkorb, P. Balstad, B. C. Eriksen, and N. P. Jorgensen. Randomised controlled trial of ultrasonographic screening in pregnancy. Lancet 2 (8396):207-211, 1984.
Baldonedo Y. C., E. Lugo, A. A. Uzcátegui, M. Guelrud, and J. Skornicki. Evaluación y uso del polietilen glicol en pacientes constipados. G E N 45 (4):294- 297, 1991.
Ball H. L., M. P. Ward-Platt, E. Heslop, S. J. Leech, and K. A. Brown. Randomised trial of infant sleep location on the postnatal ward. Arch Dis Child 91 (12):1005- 1010, 2006.
Barona-Vilar C., M. J. Gimenez-Marti, T. Fraile, C. Gonzalez-Steinbauer, C. Parada, A. Gil-Brusola, D. Bravo, M. D. Gomez, D. Navarro, A. Perez-Tamarit, L. Fernandez-Silveira, A. Fullana-Montoro, and R. Borras. Prevalence of Trypanosoma cruzi infection in pregnant Latin American women and congenital transmission rate in a non-endemic area: the experience of the Valencian Health Programme (Spain). Epidemiol Infect 140 (10):1896-1903, 2012.
Barros F. C., Z. A. Bhutta, M. Batra, T. N. Hansen, C. G. Victora, and C. E. Rubens. Global report on preterm birth and stillbirth (3 of 7): evidence for effectiveness of interventions. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 10 Suppl 1:S3, 2010.
Bartick M. and A. Reinhold. The burden of suboptimal breastfeeding in the United States: a pediatric cost analysis. Pediatrics 125 (5):e1048-e1056, 2010.
Bastiaenen C. H., R. A. de Bie, J. W. Vlaeyen, M. E. Goossens, P. Leffers, P. M. Wolters, J. M. Bastiaanssen, P. A. Brandt, and G. G. Essed. Long-term effectiveness and costs of a brief self-management intervention in women with pregnancy-related low back pain after delivery. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 8:19, 2008.
Basurto Ona X., L. Martinez Garcia, I. Sola, and X. Bonfill Cosp. Drug therapy for treating post-dural puncture headache. Cochrane Database Syst Rev (8):CD007887, 2011.
Bell R. and S. Palma. Antenatal exercise and birthweight. Aust N Z J Obstet Gynaecol 40 (1):70-73, 2000.
Berbel P., J. L. Mestre, A. Santamaria, I. Palazon, A. Franco, M. Graells, A. Gonzalez-Torga, and G. M. de Escobar. Delayed neurobehavioral development in children born to pregnant women with mild hypothyroxinemia during the first month of gestation: the importance of early iodine supplementation. Thyroid 19 (5):511-519, 2009.
Berens P., C. J. Lockwood, and V. A. Barss. Overview of postpartum care. Walthman (MA): UpToDate; 2011 [acceso 28 de setiembre de 2012]. Disponible en: www.uptodate.com/.
Berghella V., M. Klebanoff, C. McPherson, J. C. Carey, J. C. Hauth, J. M. Ernest, R. P. Heine, R. J. Wapner, W. Trout, A. Moawad, K. J. Leveno, M. Miodovnik, B. M. Sibai, J. P. Van Dorsten, M. P. Dombrowski, M. J. O’Sullivan, M. Varner, and O. Langer. Sexual intercourse association with asymptomatic bacterial vaginosis and Trichomonas vaginalis treatment in relationship to preterm birth. Am J Obstet Gynecol 187 (5):1277-1282, 2002.
Bergstein N. A. Clinical study on the efficacy of O-(beta-hydroxyethyl) rutoside (HR) in varicosis of pregnancy. J Int Med Res 3 (3):189-193, 1975.
Bergus G. R. and N. J. Murphy. Screening for gestational diabetes mellitus: comparison of a glucose polymer and a glucose monomer test beverage. J Am Board Fam Pract 5 (3):241-247, 1992.
Best J. M., J. E. Banatvala, E. N. Rubella, A. J. Zuckerman, J. E. Banatvale, and J. R. Pattison. Principles and practice of Clinical Virology: Chichester. John Wiley & Sons; 2004. p. 427-57.
Bhadrakom C., R. J. Simonds, J. V. Mei, S. Asavapiriyanont, V. Sangtaweesin, N. Vanprapar, K. H. Moore, N. L. Young, W. H. Hannon, T. D. Mastro, and N. Shaffer. Oral zidovudine during labor to prevent perinatal HIV transmission, Bangkok: tolerance and zidovudine concentration in cord blood. Bangkok Collaborative Perinatal HIV Transmission Study Group. AIDS 14 (5):509-516, 2000.
Bhoopat L., S. Khunamornpong, P. Lerdsrimongkol, P. Sirivatanapa, S. Sethavanich, A. Limtrakul, V. Gomutbuthra, S. Kajanavanich, P. S. Thorner, and T. Bhoopat. Effectiveness of short-term and long-term zidovudine prophylaxis on detection of HIV-1 subtype E in human placenta and vertical transmission. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 40 (5):545-550, 2005.
Binstock M. A.and G. Wolde-Tsadik. Alternative prenatal care. Impact of reduced visit frequency, focused visits and continuity of care. J Reprod Med 40 (7):507-512, 1995.
Block S. L. Simple checklist for the full-term healthy newborn visit. Pediatr Ann 41 (7):270-274, 2012.
Bolyard E. A., O. C. Tablan, W. W. Williams, M. L. Pearson, C. N. Shapiro, and S. D. Deitchmann. Guideline for infection control in healthcare personnel, 1998. Hospital Infection Control Practices Advisory Committee. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 19 (6):407-463, 1998.
Boonmak P. and S. Boonmak. Epidural blood patching for preventing and treating post-dural puncture headache. Cochrane Database Syst Rev (1):CD001791, 2010.
Borrelli F., R. Capasso, G. Aviello, M. H. Pittler, and A. A. Izzo. Effectiveness and safety of ginger in the treatment of pregnancy-induced nausea and vomiting. Obstet Gynecol 105 (4):849-856, 2005.
Boulvain M., T. V. Perneger, V. Othenin-Girard, S. Petrou, M. Berner, and O. Irion. Home-based versus hospital-based postnatal care: a randomised trial. BJOG 111 (8):807-813, 2004.
Bowman J. M. and J. M. Pollock. Failures of intravenous Rh immune globulin prophylaxis: an analysis of the reasons for such failures. Transfus Med Rev 1 (2):101- 112, 1987.
Bowman J. M., B. Chown, M. Lewis, and J. M. Pollock. Rh isoimmunization during pregnancy: antenatal prophylaxis. Can Med Assoc J 118 (6):623-627, 1978.
Bowman J. M. Controversies in Rh prophylaxis. Who needs Rh immune globulin and when should it be given? Am J Obstet Gynecol 151 (3):289-294, 1985.
Boyd R. C., H. N. Le, and R. Somberg. Review of screening instruments for postpartum depression. Arch Womens Ment Health 8 (3):141-153, 2005.
Boyle R., E. J. Hay-Smith, J. D. Cody, and S. Morkved. Pelvic floor muscle training for prevention and treatment of urinary and faecal incontinence in antenatal and postnatal women. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 10:CD007471, 2012.
Bracero L. A., S. Morgan, and D. W. Byrne. Comparison of visual and computerized interpretation of nonstress test results in a randomized controlled trial. Am J Obstet Gynecol 181 (5 Pt 1):1254-1258, 1999.
Breen T. W., B. J. Ransil, P. A. Groves, and N. E. Oriol. Factors associated with back pain after childbirth. Anesthesiology 81 (1):29-34, 1994.
Breymann C., C. Honegger, W. Holzgreve, and D. Surbek. Diagnosis and treatment of iron-deficiency anaemia during pregnancy and postpartum. Arch Gynecol Obstet 282 (5):577-580, 2010.
Brigg G. G., R. R. Freeman, and S. J. Yaffe. Drug in pregnancy and lactation. 4th edition. Baltimore: Williams & Wilkins, 1994.
Briley C., N. L. Flanagan, and N. Lewis. In-home prenatal nutrition intervention increased dietary iron intakes and reduced low birthweight in low-income African- American women. J Am Diet Assoc 102 (7):984-987, 2002.
Brooten D., M. Roncoli, S. Finkler, L. Arnold, A. Cohen, and M. Mennuti. A randomized trial of early hospital discharge and home follow-up of women having cesarean birth. Obstet Gynecol 84 (5):832-838, 1994.
Brooten D., M. Roncoli, S. Finkler, L. Arnold, A. Cohen, and M. Mennuti. A randomized trial of early hospital discharge and home follow-up of women having cesarean birth. Obstet Gynecol 84 (5):832-838, 1994.
Brown S., R. Small, B. Faber, A. Krastev, and P. Davis. Early postnatal discharge from hospital for healthy mothers and term infants. Cochrane Database Syst Rev (3):CD002958, 2002.
Brown V. A., R. S. Sawers, R. J. Parsons, S. L. Duncan, and I. D. Cooke. The value of antenatal cardiotocography in the management of high-risk pregnancy: a randomized controlled trial. Br J Obstet Gynaecol 89 (9):716-722, 1982.
Brugha T. S., S. Wheatley, N. A. Taub, A. Culverwell, T. Friedman, P. Kirwan, D. R. Jones, and D. A. Shapiro. Pragmatic randomized trial of antenatal intervention to prevent post-natal depression by reducing psychosocial risk factors. Psychol Med 30 (6):1273-1281, 2000.
Bryanton J. and C. T. Beck. Postnatal parental education for optimizing infant general health and parent-infant relationships. Cochrane Database Syst Rev (1):CD004068, 2010.
Bsat F. A., D. E. Hoffman, and D. E. Seubert. Comparison of three outpatient regimens in the management of nausea and vomiting in pregnancy. J Perinatol 23 (7):531-535, 2003.
Bujold E., S. H. Mehta, C. Bujold, and R. J. Gauthier. Interdelivery interval and uterine rupture. Am J Obstet Gynecol 187 (5):1199-1202, 2002.
Cahill A. G., A. O. Odibo, A. B. Caughey, D. M. Stamilio, S. S. Hassan, G. A. Macones, and R. Romero. Universal cervical length screening and treatment with vaginal progesterone to prevent preterm birth: a decision and economic analysis. Am J Obstet Gynecol 202 (6):548, 2010.
Campbell D. M. and I. MacGillivray. The effect of a low calorie diet or a thiazide diuretic on the incidence of preeclampsia and on birth weight. Br J Obstet Gynaecol 82 (7):572-577, 1975.
Can Gurkan O. and H. Arslan. Effect of acupressure on nausea and vomiting during pregnancy. Complement Ther Clin Pract 14 (1):46-52, 2008.
Carlier Y., F. Torrico, S. Sosa-Estani, G. Russomando, A. Luquetti, H. Freilij, and P. bajar Vinas. Congenital Chagas disease: recommendations for diagnosis, treatment and control of newborns, siblings and pregnant women. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 5 (10):e1250, 2011.
Carlson A., E. R. Norwitz, and R. J. Stiller. Cytomegalovirus infection in pregnancy: should all women be screened? Rev Obstet Gynecol 3 (4):172-179, 2010.
Carr C. A. Use of a maternity support binder for relief of pregnancy-related back pain. J Obstet Gynecol Neonatal Nurs 32 (4):495-502, 2003.
Carroll J. C., A. J. Reid, A. Biringer, D. Midmer, R. H. Glazier, L. Wilson, J. A. Permaul, P. Pugh, B. Chalmers, F. Seddon, and D. E. Stewart. Effectiveness of the Antenatal Psychosocial Health Assessment (ALPHA) form in detecting psychosocial concerns: a randomized controlled trial. CMAJ 173 (3):253-259, 2005.
Carty E. M. and C. F. Bradley. A randomized, controlled evaluation of early postpartum hospital discharge. Birth 17 (4):199-204, 1990.
Carty E. M. and C. F. Bradley. A randomized, controlled evaluation of early postpartum hospital discharge. Birth 17 (4):199-204, 1990.
Castagnini LA, Healy CM, Rench MA, Wootton SH, Munoz FM, Baker CJ. Impact of maternal postpartum tetanus and diphtheria toxoids and acellular pertussis immunization on infant pertussis infection. Clin Infect Dis. 2012;54(1):78-84.
Castles A., E. K. Adams, C. L. Melvin, C. Kelsch, and M. L. Boulton. Effects of smoking during pregnancy. Five meta-analyses. Am J Prev Med 16 (3):208-215, 1999.
Caughey A. B., V. Sundaram, A. J. Kaimal, A. Gienger, Y. W. Cheng, K. M. McDonald, B. L. Shaffer, D. K. Owens, and D. M. Bravata. Systematic review: elective induction of labor versus expectant management of pregnancy. Ann Intern Med 151 (4):252-63, W53, 2009.
Caulfield L. E., N. Zavaleta, and A. Figueroa. Adding zinc to prenatal iron and folate supplements improves maternal and neonatal zinc status in a Peruvian population. Am J Clin Nutr 69 (6):1257-1263, 1999.
Ceesay S. M., A. M. Prentice, T. J. Cole, F. Foord, L. T. Weaver, E. M. Poskitt, and R. G. Whitehead. Effects on birth weight and perinatal mortality of maternal dietary supplements in rural Gambia: 5 year randomised controlled trial. BMJ 315 (7111):786-790, 1997.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Hepatitis C Information for Health Professionals. http://www.cdc.gov/hepatitis/HCV/index.htm (consultado 22- 11-2012).
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Parasites – Toxoplasmosis (Toxoplasma infection). Revisado en junio 2011, disponible en www.cdc.gov/ parasites/toxoplasmosis/ gen_info/pregnant.html (consultado 22-11-2012).
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Revised ACI recommendation for avoiding pregnancy after receiving a rubella-containing vaccine. MMWR 50:1117, 2001.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Summary of Recommendations for Adult Immunization (Age 19 years & older). www.immunize.org/ catg.d/p2011.pdf January 2012 (consultado 2-5-2012).
Chang G., T. K. McNamara, E. J. Orav, D. Koby, A. Lavigne, B. Ludman, N. A. Vincitorio, and L. Wilkins-Haug. Brief intervention for prenatal alcohol use: a randomized trial. Obstet Gynecol 105 (5 Pt 1):991-998, 2005.
Charlesworth S., H. J. Foulds, J. F. Burr, and S. S. Bredin. Evidence-based risk assessment and recommendations for physical activity clearance: pregnancy (1) (1) This paper is one of a selection of papers published in this Special Issue, entitled Evidence-based risk assessment and recommendations for physical activity clearance, and has undergone the Journal’s usual peer review process. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 36 Suppl 1:S33-S48, 2011.
Charlier V., G. Brichant, P. Y. Dewandre, J. M. Foidart, and J. F. Brichant. [Obstetrical epidural analgesia and postpartum backache]. Rev Med Liege 67 (1):16- 20, 2012.
Cheng J. Q., H. Zhou, F. C. Hong, D. Zhang, Y. J. Zhang, P. Pan, and Y. M. Cai. Syphilis screening and intervention in 500,000 pregnant women in Shenzhen, the People’s Republic of China. Sex Transm Infect 83 (5):347-350, 2007.
Cherry J. D. and R. E. Harrison. Tetanus. En: Feigin RD, Cherry JD, Demmaler GJ, Kaplan SL, editores. Textbook of Pediatric Infectious Diseases. 6th ed. Philadelphia: Saunders; 2009. p. 1870-80.
Chiba M. E., M. Saito, N. Suzuki, Y. Honda, and N. Yaegashi. Measles infection in pregnancy. J Infect 47 (1):40-44, 2003.
Chitayat D., S. Langlois, and R. D. Wilson. Prenatal screening for fetal aneuploidy in singleton pregnancies. J Obstet Gynaecol Can 33 (7):736-750, 2011.
Chittumma P., K. Kaewkiattikun, and B. Wiriyasiriwach. Comparison of the effectiveness of ginger and vitamin B6 for treatment of nausea and vomiting in early pregnancy: a randomized double-blind controlled trial. J Med Assoc Thai 90 (1):15- 20, 2007.
Chou D., E. Abalos, G. M. Gyte, and A. M. Gulmezoglu. Paracetamol/ acetaminophen (single administration) for perineal pain in the early postpartum period. Cochrane Database Syst Rev (3):CD008407, 2010.
Chou R., A. K. Smits, L. H. Huffman, R. Fu, and P. T. Korthuis. Prenatal screening for HIV: A review of the evidence for the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force. Ann Intern Med 143 (1):38-54, 2005.
Clapp J. F., H. Kim, B. Burciu, and B. Lopez. Beginning regular exercise in early pregnancy: effect on fetoplacental growth. Am J Obstet Gynecol 183 (6):1484-1488, 2000.
Clapp J. F., H. Kim, B. Burciu, S. Schmidt, K. Petry, and B. Lopez. Continuing regular exercise during pregnancy: effect of exercise volume on fetoplacental growth. Am J Obstet Gynecol 186 (1):142-147, 2002.
Cohen I., J. C. Veille, and B. M. Calkins. Improved pregnancy outcome following successful treatment of chlamydial infection. JAMA 263 (23):3160-3163, 1990. Coleman T., S. Cooper, J. G. Thornton, M. J. Grainge, K. Watts, J. Britton, and S. Lewis. A randomized trial of nicotine-replacement therapy patches in pregnancy. N Engl J Med 366 (9):808-818, 2012.
Coles F. B., A. G. Muse, and S. S. Hipp. Impact of a mandatory syphilis delivery test on reported cases of congenital syphilis in Upstate New York. J Public Health Manag Pract 4 (3):50-56, 1998.
Collings C. A., L. B. Curet, and J. P. Mullin. Maternal and fetal responses to a maternal aerobic exercise program. Am J Obstet Gynecol 145 (6):702-707, 1983.
Conde-Agudelo A., R. Romero, J. P. Kusanovic, and S. S. Hassan. Supplementation with vitamins C and E during pregnancy for the prevention of preeclampsia and other adverse maternal and perinatal outcomes: a systematic review and metaanalysis. Am J Obstet Gynecol 204 (6):503, 2011.
Connor E. M. and L. M. Mofenson. Zidovudine for the reduction of perinatal human immunodeficiency virus transmission: pediatric AIDS Clinical Trials Group Protocol 076–results and treatment recommendations. Pediatr Infect Dis J 14 (6):536-541, 1995.
Coonrod D. V., B. W. Jack, K. A. Boggess, R. Long, J. A. Conry, S. N. Cox, R. Cefalo, K. D. Hunter, A. Pizzica, and A. L. Dunlop. The clinical content of preconception care: immunizations as part of preconception care. Am J Obstet Gynecol 199 (6 Suppl 2):S290-S295, 2008.
Coonrod D. V., B. W. Jack, P. G. Stubblefield, L. M. Hollier, K. A. Boggess, R. Cefalo, S. N. Cox, A. L. Dunlop, K. D. Hunter, M. R. Prasad, M. C. Lu, J. A. Conry, R. S. Gibbs, and V. K. Hogan. The clinical content of preconception care: infectious diseases in preconception care. Am J Obstet Gynecol 199 (6 Suppl 2):S296-S309, 2008.
Corazziari E., D. Badiali, F. I. Habib, G. Reboa, G. Pitto, G. Mazzacca, F. Sabbatini, R. Galeazzi, T. Cilluffo, I. Vantini, E. Bardelli, and F. Baldi. Small volume isosmotic polyethylene glycol electrolyte balanced solution (PMF-100) in treatment of chronic nonorganic constipation. Dig Dis Sci 41 (8):1636-1642, 1996.
Corwin A. Integrating Preparation for Parenting Into Childbirth Education: Part IIA Study. J Perinat Educ 8 (1):22-28, 1999.
Crane J. M., J. White, P. Murphy, L. Burrage, and D. Hutchens. The effect of gestational weight gain by body mass index on maternal and neonatal outcomes. J Obstet Gynaecol Can 31 (1):28-35, 2009.
Crowther C. A., L. Kornman, S. O’Callaghan, K. George, M. Furness, and K. Willson. Is an ultrasound assessment of gestational age at the first antenatal visit of value? A randomised clinical trial. Br J Obstet Gynaecol 106 (12):1273-1279, 1999.
Czeizel A. E., I. Dudas, and J. Metneki. Pregnancy outcomes in a randomised controlled trial of periconceptional multivitamin supplementation. Final report. Arch Gynecol Obstet 255 (3):131-139, 1994.
Daniells S., B. F. Grenyer, W. S. Davis, K. J. Coleman, J. A. Burgess, and R. G. Moses. Gestational diabetes mellitus: is a diagnosis associated with an increase in maternal anxiety and stress in the short and intermediate term? Diabetes Care 26 (2):385-389, 2003.
Davies J. A., S. Gallivan, and J. A. Spencer. Randomised controlled trial of Doppler ultrasound screening of placental perfusion during pregnancy. Lancet 340 (8831):1299-1303, 1992.
de Ory F., R. Ramirez, L. Garcia Comas, P. Leon, M. J. Sagues, and J. C. Sanz. Is there a change in cytomegalovirus seroepidemiology in Spain? Eur J Epidemiol 19 (1):85-89, 2004.
de Salut Servici, I. Enfermedad de Chagas importada. Protocolo de Actuación en la Comunidad Valenciana. Dirección General de Salut Pública. Valencia: Conselleria de Sanitat de la Generalitat Valenciana, 2009.
de Vincenzi I.. Triple antiretroviral compared with zidovudine and single-dose nevirapine prophylaxis during pregnancy and breastfeeding for prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV-1 (Kesho Bora study): a randomised controlled trial. Lancet Infect Dis 11 (3):171-180, 2011.
Declercq E., D. K. Cunningham, C. Johnson, and C. Sakala. Mothers’ reports of postpartum pain associated with vaginal and cesarean deliveries: results of a national survey. Birth 35 (1):16-24, 2008.
Deering S. H., J. Zaret, K. McGaha, and A. J. Satin. Patients presenting with birth plans: a case-control study of delivery outcomes. J Reprod Med 52 (10):884-887, 2007.
Delgado E, Díaz-Cadórniga F, Tartón T, Bobis M, Valdés M, Méndez A. Erradicación de los trastornos por deficiencia de yodo en Asturias (España): 18 años de yodoprofilaxis con sal. Endocrinología y Nutrición. 2004;51(9):492-49
Demott K., D. Bick, R. Norman, G. Ritchie, N. Turnbull, and C. Adams. Clinical Guidelines And Evidence Review For Post Natal Care: Routine Post Natal Care Of Recently Delivered Women And Their Babies. London: National Collaborating Centre For Primary Care And Royal College Of General Practitioners. 2006.
Dennis C. L. and D. Creedy. Psychosocial and psychological interventions for preventing postpartum depression. Cochrane Database Syst Rev (4):CD001134, 2004.
Dennis C. L., E. Hodnett, L. Kenton, J. Weston, J. Zupancic, D. E. Stewart, and A. Kiss. Effect of peer support on prevention of postnatal depression among high risk women: multisite randomised controlled trial. BMJ 338:a3064, 2009.
De-Regil L. M., A. C. Fernandez-Gaxiola, T. Dowswell, and J. P. Pena-Rosas. Effects and safety of periconceptional folate supplementation for preventing birth defects. Cochrane Database Syst Rev (10):CD007950, 2010.
De-Regil L. M., C. Palacios, A. Ansary, R. Kulier, and J. P. Pena-Rosas. Vitamin D supplementation for women during pregnancy. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2:CD008873, 2012.
Deussen A. R., P. Ashwood, and R. Martis. Analgesia for relief of pain due to uterine cramping/involution after birth. Cochrane Database Syst Rev (5):CD004908, 2011.
Deville W. L., J. C. Yzermans, N. P. van Duijn, P. D. Bezemer, D. A. van der Windt, and L. M. Bouter. The urine dipstick test useful to rule out infections. A metaanalysis of the accuracy. BMC Urol 4:4, 2004.
Dietz P. M., S. B. Williams, W. M. Callaghan, D. J. Bachman, E. P. Whitlock, and M. C. Hornbrook. Clinically identified maternal depression before, during, and after pregnancies ending in live births. Am J Psychiatry 164 (10):1515-1520, 2007.
Dijkhuizen MA, Wieringa FT, West CE, Muhilal. Zinc plus beta-carotene supplementation of pregnant women is superior to beta-carotene supplementation alone in improving vitamin A status in both mothers and infants. Am J Clin Nutr 80(5):1299-307, 2004.
DiPalma J. A., P. H. DeRidder, R. C. Orlando, B. E. Kolts, and M. B. Cleveland. A randomized, placebo-controlled, multicenter study of the safety and efficacy of a new polyethylene glycol laxative. Am J Gastroenterol 95 (2):446-450, 2000.
Direcció General de Planificació. Protocolo de cribado y diagnóstico de la enfermedad de Chagas en mujeres embarazadas latinoamericanas y sus bebés. Barcelona: Departament de Salut de la Generalitat de Catalunya, enero de 2010.
Dirección General de Salud Pública. Protocolo de asistencia al parto y al puerperio y de atención al recién nacido. Barcelona: Direcció General de Salut Pública del Departament de Salut de la Generalitat de Catalunya, 2003.
Domínguez A., V. Pastor, C. Sanz, and L. Salleras. Vacunaciones en mujeres en edad fértil y en embarazadas. Calendario de vacunaciones sistemáticas del adulto y recomendaciones de vacunación para los adultos que presentan determinadas condiciones médicas, exposiciones, conductas de riesgo o situaciones especiales. Consenso 2009 Comité de Vacunas de la Sociedad Española de Medicina Preventiva, Salud Pública e Higiene. Medicina Preventiva 26 (1):26-30, 2010.
Donnay S, Vila L; en nombre del Grupo de Trabajo sobre Trastornos relacionados con la Deficiencia de Yodo y Disfunción Tiroidea. Erradicación de la deficiencia de yodo en España. Cerca, pero no en la meta. Endocrinol Nutr. 2012;59:471-473.
Dorenbaum A., C. K. Cunningham, R. D. Gelber, M. Culnane, L. Mofenson, P. Britto, C. Rekacewicz, M. L. Newell, J. F. Delfraissy, B. Cunningham-Schrader, M. Mirochnick, and J. L. Sullivan. Two-dose intrapartum/newborn nevirapine and standard antiretroviral therapy to reduce perinatal HIV transmission: a randomized trial. JAMA 288 (2):189-198, 2002.
Duff G. B.. A randomized controlled trial in a hospital population of ultrasound measurement screening for the small for dates baby. Aust N Z J Obstet Gynaecol 33 (4):374-378, 1993.
Dunlop A. L., B. W. Jack, J. N. Bottalico, M. C. Lu, A. James, C. S. Shellhaas, L. H. Hallstrom, B. D. Solomon, W. G. Feero, M. K. Menard, and M. R. Prasad. The clinical content of preconception care: women with chronic medical conditions. Am J Obstet Gynecol 199 (6 Suppl 2):S310-S327, 2008.
Dyson L., F. McCormick, and M. J. Renfrew. Interventions for promoting the initiation of breastfeeding. Cochrane Database Syst Rev (2):CD001688, 2005.
East C. E., L. Begg, N. E. Henshall, P. R. Marchant, and K. Wallace. Local cooling for relieving pain from perineal trauma sustained during childbirth. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 5:CD006304, 2012.
Ee C. C., E. Manheimer, M. V. Pirotta, and A. R. White. Acupuncture for pelvic and back pain in pregnancy: a systematic review. Am J Obstet Gynecol 198 (3):254- 259, 2008.
Egwuatu V. E. Plasma concentration of urate, urea and creatinine in Nigerian primigravidae with preeclampsia. Trop Geogr Med 38 (1):11-15, 1986.
Eik-Nes S. H., K. A. Salvesen, O. Okland, and L. J. Vatten. Routine ultrasound fetal examination in pregnancy: the ‘Alesund’ randomized controlled trial. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 15 (6):473-478, 2000.
Elden H., L. Ladfors, M. F. Olsen, H. C. Ostgaard, and H. Hagberg. Effects of acupuncture and stabilising exercises as adjunct to standard treatment in pregnant women with pelvic girdle pain: randomised single blind controlled trial. BMJ 330 (7494):761, 2005.
Ellberg L., U. Hogberg, B. Lundman, and L. Lindholm. Satisfying parents’ preferences with regard to various models of postnatal care is cost-minimizing. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 85 (2):175-181, 2006.
Ellberg L., U. Hogberg, B. Lundman, and L. Lindholm. Satisfying parents’ preferences with regard to various models of postnatal care is cost-minimizing. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 85 (2):175-181, 2006.
Erkkola R. and M. Makela. Heart volume and physical fitness of parturients. Ann Clin Res 8 (1):15-21, 1976.
Escribe-Aguir V., M. C. Gonzalez-Galarzo, C. Barona-Vilar, and L. Artazcoz. Factors related to depression during pregnancy: are there gender differences? J Epidemiol Community Health 62 (5):410-414, 2008.
EUROCAT. European Surveillance of Congenital Anomalies Statistical Monitoring Report-2007 [Internet]. Belfast: EUROCAT [cited 2013 Oct 25], 2009.
Evins G. G., J. P. Theofrastous, and S. L. Galvin. Postpartum depression: a comparison of screening and routine clinical evaluation. Am J Obstet Gynecol 182 (5):1080-1082, 2000.
Ewigman B. G., J. P. Crane, F. D. Frigoletto, M. L. LeFevre, R. P. Bain, and D. McNellis. Effect of prenatal ultrasound screening on perinatal outcome. RADIUS Study Group. N Engl J Med 329 (12):821-827, 1993.
Ewigman, M. LeFevre, and J. Hesser. A randomized trial of routine prenatal ultrasound. Obstet Gynecol B. 76 (2):189-194, 1990.
Ezimokhai M., A. Joseph, and P. Bradley-Watson. Audit of pregnancies complicated by diabetes from one center five years apart with selective versus universal screening. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1084:132-140, 2006.
Faculty of Sexual and Reproductive Health Care. Postnatal Sexual and Reproductive Health. 2009. Accedido online en: www.fsrh.org/pdfs/ CEUGuidancePostnatal09.pdf (consultado en julio de 2012).
Fawzi, W.W., Msamanga, G.I., Spiegelman, D., Urassa, E.J., McGrath, N., Mwakagile, D., Antelman, G., Mbise, R., Herrera, G., Kapiga, S., Willett, W., and Hunter, D.J. Randomised trial of effects of vitamin supplements on pregnancy outcomes and T cell counts in HIV-1-infected women in Tanzania. Lancet 16;351(9114):1477-82, 1998.
Floyd R. L., B. W. Jack, R. Cefalo, H. Atrash, J. Mahoney, A. Herron, C. Husten, and R. J. Sokol. The clinical content of preconception care: alcohol, tobacco, and illicit drug exposures. Am J Obstet Gynecol 199 (6 Suppl 2):S333-S339, 2008.
Flynn A. M., J. Kelly, H. Mansfield, P. Needham, M. O’Conor, and O. Viegas. A randomized controlled trial of non-stress antepartum cardiotocography. Br J Obstet Gynaecol 89 (6):427-433, 1982.
Fonseca E. B., E. Celik, M. Parra, M. Singh, and K. H. Nicolaides. Progesterone and the risk of preterm birth among women with a short cervix. N Engl J Med 357 (5):462-469, 2007.
Forster D., H. McLachlan, J. Lumley, C. Beanland, U. Waldenstrom, and L. Amir. Two mid-pregnancy interventions to increase the initiation and duration of breastfeeding: a randomized controlled trial. Birth 31 (3):176-182, 2004. Fretts R. C., Etiology and prevention of stillbirth. Am J Obstet Gynecol 193 (6):1923-1935, 2005.
Friis H., E. Gomo, N. Nyazema, P. Ndhlovu, H. Krarup, P. Kaestel, and K. F. Michaelsen. Effect of multimicronutrient supplementation on gestational length and birth size: a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind effectiveness trial in Zimbabwe. Am J Clin Nutr 80 (1):178-184, 2004.
Gagnon A. J., L. Edgar, M. S. Kramer, A. Papageorgiou, K. Waghorn, and M. C. Klein. A randomized trial of a program of early postpartum discharge with nurse visitation. Am J Obstet Gynecol 176 (1 Pt 1):205-211, 1997.
Gagnon A. J., L. Edgar, M. S. Kramer, A. Papageorgiou, K. Waghorn, and M. C. Klein. A randomized trial of a program of early postpartum discharge with nurse visitation. Am J Obstet Gynecol 176 (1 Pt 1):205-211, 1997.
Gardiner P. M., L. Nelson, C. S. Shellhaas, A. L. Dunlop, R. Long, S. Andrist, and B. W. Jack. The clinical content of preconception care: nutrition and dietary supplements. Am J Obstet Gynecol 199 (6 Suppl 2):S345-S356, 2008.
Garshasbi A. and S. Faghih Zadeh. The effect of exercise on the intensity of low back pain in pregnant women. Int J Gynaecol Obstet 88 (3):271-275, 2005.
Gavilán M., Suplementos de yodo en embarazadas sanas. Actualizaciones en Medicina de Familia – AMF 7:647-650, 2011.
Gavin N. I., B. N. Gaynes, K. N. Lohr, S. Meltzer-Brody, G. Gartlehner, and T. Swinson. Perinatal depression: a systematic review of prevalence and incidence. Obstet Gynecol 106 (5 Pt 1):1071-1083, 2005.
Geusau A., H. Kittler, U. Hein, E. ngl-Erlach, G. Stingl, and E. Tschachler. Biological false-positive tests comprise a high proportion of Venereal Disease Research Laboratory reactions in an analysis of 300,000 sera. Int J STD AIDS 16 (11):722-726, 2005.
Gill S. K., L. O’Brien, and G. Koren. The safety of histamine 2 (H2) blockers in pregnancy: a meta-analysis. Dig Dis Sci 54 (9):1835-1838, 2009.
Girija A., P. Geervani, and G. N. Rao. Influence of dietary supplementation during pregnancy on lactation performance. J Trop Pediatr 30 (2):79-83, 1984.
Gjerdingen D. K. and B. P. Yawn. Postpartum depression screening: importance, methods, barriers, and recommendations for practice. J Am Board Fam Med 20 (3):280-288, 2007.
Glinoer D., P. De Nayer, F. Delange, M. Lemone, V. Toppet, M. Spehl, J. P. Grun, J. Kinthaert, and B. Lejeune. A randomized trial for the treatment of mild iodine deficiency during pregnancy: maternal and neonatal effects. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 80 (1):258-269, 1995.
Glover V. Annual Research Review: Prenatal stress and the origins of psychopathology: an evolutionary perspective. J Child Psychol Psychiatry. 2011;52(4):356-67.
Goffinet F., D. Aboulker, J. Paris-Llado, M. Bucourt, M. Uzan, E. Papiernik, and G. Breart. Screening with a uterine Doppler in low risk pregnant women followed by low dose aspirin in women with abnormal results: a multicenter randomised controlled trial. BJOG 108 (5):510-518, 2001.
Goh Y. I., E. Bollano, T. R. Einarson, and G. Koren. Prenatal multivitamin supplementation and rates of congenital anomalies: a meta-analysis. J Obstet Gynaecol Can 28 (8):680-689, 2006.
Granath A. B., M. S. Hellgren, and R. K. Gunnarsson. Water aerobics reduces sick leave due to low back pain during pregnancy. J Obstet Gynecol Neonatal Nurs 35 (4):465-471, 2006.
Gray G., A. Violari, J. McIntyre, B. Jivkov, S. Schnittman, L. Reynolds, and J. M. Ledeine. Antiviral activity of nucleoside analogues during short-course monotherapy or dual therapy: its role in preventing HIV infection in infants. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 42 (2):169-176, 2006.
Green K. and S. Oddie. The value of the postnatal examination in improving child health. Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed 93 (5):F389-F393, 2008.
Greenhalf J. O. and H. S. Leonard. Laxatives in the treatment of constipation in pregnant and breast-feeding mothers. Practitioner 210 (256):259-263, 1973.
Griffin M. E., M. Coffey, H. Johnson, P. Scanlon, M. Foley, J. Stronge, N. M. O’Meara, and R. G. Firth. Universal vs. risk factor-based screening for gestational diabetes mellitus: detection rates, gestation at diagnosis and outcome. Diabet Med 17 (1):26-32, 2000.
Grote N. K., J. A. Bridge, A. R. Gavin, J. L. Melville, S. Iyengar, and W. J. Katon. A meta-analysis of depression during pregnancy and the risk of preterm birth, low birth weight, and intrauterine growth restriction. Arch Gen Psychiatry 67 (10):1012- 1024, 2010.
Grupo de trabajo de la Guía de Práctica Clínica sobre Atención al Parto Normal. Guía de Práctica Clínica sobre la Atención al Parto Normal. Plan de Calidad para el Sistema Nacional de Salud del Ministerio de Sanidad y Política Social. Agencia de Evaluación de Tecnologías Sanitarias del País Vasco (OSTEBA). Agencia de Evaluación de Tecnologías Sanitarias de Galicia (Avalia-t). 2010. Guías de Práctica Clínica en el SNS: OSTEBA Nº 2009/01
Grupo de trabajo de vacunación de adultos de la ponencia de programas y registro de vacunaciones. Vacunación en Adultos. Recomendaciones Año 2004. Madrid: Ministerio de Sanidad y Consumo, Comisión de Salud Pública, 29 de septiembre de 2004. Disponible online en http://www.msc.es/ciudadanos/ proteccionSalud/vacunaciones/ docs/recoVacunasAdultos.pdf [consultado en febrero de 2013]
Grupo de trabajo de vacunación de adultos de la ponencia de programas y registro de vacunaciones. Recomendaciones de vacunación antigripal. Madrid: Ministerio de Sanidad, Servicios Sociales e Igualdad, Comisión de Salud Pública, septiembre de 2012.T. A. Bell, J. T. Grayston, M. A. Krohn, and R. A. Kronmal. Randomized trial of silver nitrate, erythromycin, and no eye prophylaxis for the prevention of conjunctivitis among newborns not at risk for gonococcal ophthalmitis. Eye Prophylaxis Study Group. Pediatrics 92 (6):755-760, 1993.
Grupo de trabajo para la actualización del capítulo sobre vacuna de tétanos y difteria del documento “Vacunación en adultos”. Vacunación en Adultos. Recomendaciones: vacuna de difteria y tétanos, actualización 2009. Madrid: Ministerio de Sanidad y Consumo, Comisión de Salud Pública, 18 de febrero de 2009. Disponible online en www.msps.es/ciudadanos/proteccionSalud/ vacunaciones/ docs/TetanosDifteria_2009.pdf [consultado en febrero de 2013].
Grupo de trabajo para la actualización del capítulo sobre vacuna de tétanos y difteria del documento “Vacunación en adultos”. Vacunación en Adultos. Recomendaciones: vacuna de difteria y tétanos, actualización 2009. Madrid: Ministerio de Sanidad y Consumo, Comisión de Salud Pública, 18 de febrero de 2009. Disponible online en www.msps.es/ciudadanos/proteccionSalud/ vacunaciones/docs/TetanosDifteria_2009.pdf [consultado en febrero de 2013].
Grupo de Trabajo SEMFyC de Atención. Embarazo y puerperio. Protocolo de actuación. Barcelona: Sociedad Española de Medicina de Familia y Comunitaria, 2002. Guerra B., G. Simonazzi, A. Banfi, T. Lazzarotto, A. Farina, M. Lanari, and N. Rizzo. Impact of diagnostic and confirmatory tests and prenatal counseling on the rate of pregnancy termination among women with positive cytomegalovirus immunoglobulin M antibody titers. Am J Obstet Gynecol 196 (3):221, 2007.
Guía de Actuación en el Nacimiento. Comité de Lactancia Materna Hospital 12 de Octubre y Centros de Salud de Atención Primaria. Servicio Madrileño de Salud. Madrid. 2011.
Guise J. M., S. M. Mahon, M. Aickin, M. Helfand, J. F. Peipert, and C. Westhoff. Screening for bacterial vaginosis in pregnancy. Am J Prev Med 20 (3 Suppl):62-72, 2001.
Guyatt G. H., A. D. Oxman, M. Ali, A. Willan, W. McIlroy, and C. Patterson. Laboratory diagnosis of iron-deficiency anemia: an overview. J Gen Intern Med 7 (2):145-153, 1992.
Hadar E., O. Raban, B. Gal, Y. Yogev, and N. Melamed. Obstetrical outcome in women with self-prepared birth plan. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 25 (10):2055- 2057, 2012.
Haider B. A. and Z. A. Bhutta. Multiple-micronutrient supplementation for women during pregnancy. Cochrane Database Syst Rev (4):CD004905, 2006.
Haider B. A., M. Y. Yakoob, and Z. A. Bhutta. Effect of multiple micronutrient supplementation during pregnancy on maternal and birth outcomes. BMC Public Health 11 Suppl 3:S19, 2011.
Hartmann K. E., K. E. Barrett, V. C. Reid, M. J. McMahon, and W. C. Miller. Clinical usefulness of white blood cell count after cesarean delivery. Obstet Gynecol 96 (2):295-300, 2000.
Hassan S. S., R. Romero, D. Vidyadhari, S. Fusey, J. K. Baxter, M. Khandelwal, J. Vijayaraghavan, Y. Trivedi, P. Soma-Pillay, P. Sambarey, A. Dayal, V. Potapov, J. O’Brien, V. Astakhov, O. Yuzko, W. Kinzler, B. Dattel, H. Sehdev, L. Mazheika, D. Manchulenko, M. T. Gervasi, L. Sullivan, A. Conde-Agudelo, J. A. Phillips, and G. W. Creasy. Vaginal progesterone reduces the rate of preterm birth in women with a sonographic short cervix: a multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebocontrolled trial. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 38 (1):18-31, 2011.
Hatem M., J. Sandall, D. Devane, H. Soltani, and S. Gates. Midwife-led versus other models of care for childbearing women. Cochrane Database Syst Rev (4):CD004667, 2008.
Hauck F. R., O. O. Omojokun, and M. S. Siadaty. Do pacifiers reduce the risk of sudden infant death syndrome? A meta-analysis. Pediatrics 116 (5):e716-e723, 2005.
Haugen M., A. L. Brantsaeter, J. Alexander, and H. M. Meltzer. Dietary supplements contribute substantially to the total nutrient intake in pregnant Norwegian women. Ann Nutr Metab 52 (4):272-280, 2008.
Haugland K. S., S. Rasmussen, and A. K. Daltveit. Group intervention for women with pelvic girdle pain in pregnancy. A randomized controlled trial. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 85 (11):1320-1326, 2006.
Hay-Smith E. J. Therapeutic ultrasound for postpartum perineal pain and dyspareunia. Cochrane Database Syst Rev (2):CD000495, 2000.
Hedayati H., J. Parsons, and C. A. Crowther. Rectal analgesia for pain from perineal trauma following childbirth. Cochrane Database Syst Rev (3):CD003931, 2003.
Hedayati H., J. Parsons, and C. A. Crowther. Topically applied anaesthetics for treating perineal pain after childbirth. Cochrane Database Syst Rev (2):CD004223, 2005.
Helland I. B., O. D. Saugstad, L. Smith, K. Saarem, K. Solvoll, T. Ganes, and C. A. Drevon. Similar effects on infants of n-3 and n-6 fatty acids supplementation to pregnant and lactating women. Pediatrics 108 (5):E82, 2001.
Hellman L. M., S. G. Kohl, And J. Palmer. Early hospital discharge in obstetrics. Lancet 1 (7223):227-232, 1962.
Helmreich R. J., S. Y. Shiao, and L. S. Dune. Meta-analysis of acustimulation effects on nausea and vomiting in pregnant women. Explore (NY) 2 (5):412-421, 2006.
Henderson J., R. Gray, and P. Brocklehurst. Systematic review of effects of lowmoderate prenatal alcohol exposure on pregnancy outcome. BJOG 114 (3):243- 252, 2007.
Hermann M., H. Kjellman, and C. Ljunggren. Antenatal prophylaxis of Rh immunization with 250 micrograms anti-D immunoglobulin. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand Suppl 124:1-15, 1984.
Hewitt C. E. and S. M. Gilbody. Is it clinically and cost effective to screen for postnatal depression: a systematic review of controlled clinical trials and economic evidence. BJOG 116 (8):1019-1027, 2009.
Hewitt C., S. Gilbody, S. Brealey, M. Paulden, S. Palmer, R. Mann, J. Green, J. Morrell, M. Barkham, K. Light, and D. Richards. Methods to identify postnatal depression in primary care: an integrated evidence synthesis and value of information analysis. Health Technol Assess 13 (36):1-145, 147, 2009.
Hewitt C., S. Gilbody, S. Brealey, M. Paulden, S. Palmer, R. Mann, J. Green, J. Morrell, M. Barkham, K. Light, and D. Richards. Methods to identify postnatal depression in primary care: an integrated evidence synthesis and value of information analysis. Health Technol Assess 13 (36):1-145, 147, 2009.
Hezelgrave N. L., C. J. Whitty, A. H. Shennan, and L. C. Chappell. Advising on travel during pregnancy. BMJ 342:d2506, 2011.
Hill P. D. and S. S. Humenick. The occurrence of breast engorgement. J Hum Lact 10 (2):79-86, 1994.
Hillier T. A., K. K. Vesco, K. L. Pedula, T. L. Beil, E. P. Whitlock, and D. J. Pettitt. Screening for gestational diabetes mellitus: a systematic review for the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force. Ann Intern Med 148 (10):766-775, 2008.
Ho S. S., W. W. Yu, T. T. Lao, D. H. Chow, J. W. Chung, and Y. Li. Effectiveness of maternity support belts in reducing low back pain during pregnancy: a review. J Clin Nurs 18 (11):1523-1532, 2009.
Hodnett E. D. and D. A. Simmons-Tropea. The Labour Agentry Scale: psychometric properties of an instrument measuring control during childbirth. Res Nurs Health 10 (5):301-310, 1987.
Honest H., C. A. Forbes, K. H. Duree, G. Norman, S. B. Duffy, A. Tsourapas, T. E. Roberts, P. M. Barton, S. M. Jowett, C. J. Hyde, and K. S. Khan. Screening to prevent spontaneous preterm birth: systematic reviews of accuracy and effectiveness literature with economic modelling. Health Technol Assess 13 (43):1-627, 2009.
Hongisto S. M., L. Paajanen, M. Saxelin, and R. Korpela. A combination of fibre-rich rye bread and yoghurt containing Lactobacillus GG improves bowel function in women with self-reported constipation. Eur J Clin Nutr 60 (3):319-324, 2006.
Howell C. J., T. Dean, L. Lucking, K. Dziedzic, P. W. Jones, and R. B. Johanson. Randomised study of long term outcome after epidural versus non-epidural analgesia during labour. BMJ 325 (7360):357, 2002.
Huchet J., S. Dallemagne, C. Huchet, Y. Brossard, M. Larsen, and F. Parnet- Mathieu. [Ante-partum administration of preventive treatment of Rh-D immunization in rhesus-negative women. Parallel evaluation of transplacental passage of fetal blood cells. Results of a multicenter study carried out in the Paris region]. J Gynecol Obstet Biol Reprod (Paris) 16 (1):101-111, 1987.
Hunt I. F., M. Jacob, N. J. Ostegard, G. Masri, V. A. Clark, and A. H. Coulson. Effect of nutrition education on the nutritional status of low-income pregnant women of Mexican descent. Am J Clin Nutr 29 (6):675-684, 1976.
Hunter M. I., B. J. Monk, and K. S. Tewari. Cervical neoplasia in pregnancy. Part 1: screening and management of preinvasive disease. Am J Obstet Gynecol 199 (1):3-9, 2008.
Hussain A. A., M. Y. Yakoob, A. Imdad, and Z. A. Bhutta. Elective induction for pregnancies at or beyond 41 weeks of gestation and its impact on stillbirths: a systematic review with meta-analysis. BMC Public Health 11 Suppl 3:S5, 2011.
Hwang S. H., H. B. Oh, S. E. Choi, H. H. Kim, C. L. Chang, E. Y. Lee, and H. C. Son. [Meta-analysis for the pooled sensitivity and specificity of hepatitis B surface antigen rapid tests]. Korean J Lab Med 28 (2):160-168, 2008.
Hytten F.. Blood volume changes in normal pregnancy. Clin Haematol 14 (3):601- 612, 1985.
Imamura M., P. Abrams, C. Bain, B. Buckley, L. Cardozo, J. Cody, J. Cook, S. Eustice, C. Glazener, A. Grant, J. Hay-Smith, J. Hislop, D. Jenkinson, M. Kilonzo, G. Nabi, J. N’Dow, R. Pickard, L. Ternent, S. Wallace, J. Wardle, S. Zhu, and L. Vale. Systematic review and economic modelling of the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of non-surgical treatments for women with stress urinary incontinence. Health Technol Assess 14 (40):1-188, iii, 2010.
Imdad A., M. Y. Yakoob, and Z. A. Bhutta. The effect of folic acid, protein energy and multiple micronutrient supplements in pregnancy on stillbirths. BMC Public Health 11 Suppl 3:S4, 2011.
Imhoff-Kunsch B., V. Briggs, T. Goldenberg, and U. Ramakrishnan. Effect of n-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid intake during pregnancy on maternal, infant, and child health outcomes: a systematic review. Paediatr Perinat Epidemiol 26 Suppl 1:91-107, 2012.
Ingram L., C. Macarthur, K. Khan, J. J. Deeks, and K. Jolly. Effect of antenatal peer support on breastfeeding initiation: a systematic review. CMAJ 182 (16):1739- 1746, 2010.
Intyre-Seltman K. and J. L. Lesnock. Cervical cancer screening in pregnancy. Obstet Gynecol Clin North Am 35 (4):645-658, 2008.
Iyenger L. Effects of dietary supplements late in pregnancy on the expectant mother and her newborn. Indian J Med Res 55 (1):85-89, 1967.
Jaafar S. H., S. Jahanfar, M. Angolkar, and J. J. Ho. Effect of restricted pacifier use in breastfeeding term infants for increasing duration of breastfeeding. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 7:CD007202, 2012.
Jackson E. and A. Glasier. Return of ovulation and menses in postpartum nonlactating women: a systematic review. Obstet Gynecol 117 (3):657-662, 2011.
Jackson E. and A. Glasier. Return of ovulation and menses in postpartum nonlactating women: a systematic review. Obstet Gynecol 117 (3):657-662, 2011.
Jacobs M. K., K. L. McCance, and M. L. Stewart. Leg volume changes with EPIC and posturing in dependent pregnancy edema. Nurs Res 35 (2):86-89, 1986.
Jahanfar S., C. J. Ng, and C. L. Teng. Antibiotics for mastitis in breastfeeding women. Cochrane Database Syst Rev (1):CD005458, 2009.
Jamieson D. J., J. Clark, A. P. Kourtis, A. W. Taylor, M. A. Lampe, M. G. Fowler, and L. M. Mofenson. Recommendations for human immunodeficiency virus screening, prophylaxis, and treatment for pregnant women in the United States. Am J Obstet Gynecol 197 (3 Suppl):S26-S32, 2007.
Jamigorn M. and V. Phupong. Acupressure and vitamin B6 to relieve nausea and vomiting in pregnancy: a randomized study. Arch Gynecol Obstet 276 (3):245- 249, 2007.
Jenniges K. and L. Evans. Premature rupture of the membranes with routine cervical exams. J Nurse Midwifery 35 (1):46-49, 1990.
Jewell D. J. and G. Young. Interventions for treating constipation in pregnancy. Cochrane Database Syst Rev (2):CD001142, 2001.
Jewell D. J. and G. Young. Interventions for treating constipation in pregnancy. Cochrane Database Syst Rev (2):CD001142, 2001.
Johnson C. E.. Sexual health during pregnancy and the postpartum. J Sex Med 8 (5):1267-1284, 2011.
Kacmaz B., O. Cakir, A. Aksoy, and A. Biri. Evaluation of rapid urine screening tests to detect asymptomatic bacteriuria in pregnancy. Jpn J Infect Dis 59 (4):261- 263, 2006.
Kafatos A. G., I. G. Vlachonikolis, and C. A. Codrington. Nutrition during pregnancy: the effects of an educational intervention program in Greece. Am J Clin Nutr 50 (5):970-979, 1989.
Kaiser L. and L. H. Allen. Position of the American Dietetic Association: nutrition and lifestyle for a healthy pregnancy outcome. J Am Diet Assoc 108 (3):553-561, 2008.
Kardjati S., J. A. Kusin, and C. De With. Energy supplementation in the last trimester of pregnancy in East Java: I. Effect on birthweight. Br J Obstet Gynaecol 95 (8):783-794, 1988.
Keating A.and R. A. Chez. Ginger syrup as an antiemetic in early pregnancy. Altern Ther Health Med 8 (5):89-91, 2002.
Keenan-Lindsay L., M. H. Yudin, M. Boucher, H. R. Cohen, A. Gruslin, C. J. MacKinnon, D. M. Money, C. Paquet, M. Steben, J. van Schalkwyk, and T. Wong. HIV screening in pregnancy. J Obstet Gynaecol Can 28 (12):1103-1112, 2006.
Khan-Neelofur D., M. Gulmezoglu, and J. Villar. Who should provide routine antenatal care for low-risk women, and how often? A systematic review of randomised controlled trials. WHO Antenatal Care Trial Research Group. Paediatr Perinat Epidemiol 12 Suppl 2:7-26, 1998.
Kidd L. C., N. B. Patel, and R. Smith. Non-stress antenatal cardiotocography–a prospective randomized clinical trial. Br J Obstet Gynaecol 92 (11):1156-1159, 1985.
Kihlstrand M., B. Stenman, S. Nilsson, and O. Axelsson. Water-gymnastics reduced the intensity of back/low back pain in pregnant women. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 78 (3):180-185, 1999.
Kingston D., S. Tough, and H. Whitfield. Prenatal and postpartum maternal psychological distress and infant development: a systematic review. Child Psychiatry Hum Dev 43 (5):683-714, 2012.
Kirke P. N., L. E. Daly, and J. H. Elwood. A randomised trial of low dose folic acid to prevent neural tube defects. The Irish Vitamin Study Group. Arch Dis Child 67 (12):1442-1446, 1992.
Kirkham C., S. Harris, and S. Grzybowski. Evidence-based prenatal care: Part I. General prenatal care and counseling issues. Am Fam Physician 71 (7):1307-1316, 2005.
Kistin N., D. Benton, S. Rao, and M. Sullivan. Breast-feeding rates among black urban low-income women: effect of prenatal education. Pediatrics 86 (5):741-746, 1990.
Klebanoff M. A., R. P. Nugent, and G. G. Rhoads. Coitus during pregnancy: is it safe? Lancet 2 (8408):914-917, 1984.
Klerman L. V., S. L. Ramey, R. L. Goldenberg, S. Marbury, J. Hou, and S. P. Cliver. A randomized trial of augmented prenatal care for multiple-risk, Medicaid-eligible African American women. Am J Public Health 91 (1):105-111, 2001.
Kluka S. M. A randomized controlled trial to test the effect of an antenatal educational intervention on breastfeeding duration among primiparous women [tesis doctoral]. University of British Columbia, 2004.
Knight B., C. Mudge, S. Openshaw, A. White, and A. Hart. Effect of acupuncture on nausea of pregnancy: a randomized, controlled trial. Obstet Gynecol 97 (2):184- 188, 2001.
Kok M., J. Cnossen, L. Gravendeel, J. A. Van Der Post, and B. W. Mol. Ultrasound factors to predict the outcome of external cephalic version: a meta-analysis. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 33 (1):76-84, 2009.
Kok M., J. Cnossen, L. Gravendeel, J. van der Post, B. Opmeer, and B. W. Mol. Clinical factors to predict the outcome of external cephalic version: a metaanalysis. Am J Obstet Gynecol 199 (6):630, 2008.
Koopmans C. M., M. G. van Pampus, H. Groen, J. G. Aarnoudse, P. P. van den Berg, and B. W. Mol. Accuracy of serum uric acid as a predictive test for maternal complications in preeclampsia: bivariate meta-analysis and decision analysis. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 146 (1):8-14, 2009.
Kosters J. P. and P. C. Gotzsche. Regular self-examination or clinical examination for early detection of breast cancer. Cochrane Database Syst Rev (2):CD003373, 2003.
Kovacs G. T., J. Campbell, D. Francis, D. Hill, and M. A. Adena. Is mucaine an appropriate medication for the relief of heartburn during pregnancy? Asia Oceania J Obstet Gynaecol 16 (4):357-362, 1990.
Kumwenda, N., Miotti, P.G., Taha, T.E., Broadhead, R., Biggar, R.J., Jackson, J.B., Melikian, G., and Semba, R.D. Antenatal vitamin A supplementation increases birth weight and decreases anemia among infants born to human immunodeficiency virus-infected women in Malawi. Clin Infect Dis.;35(5):618-24, 2002.
Kung F., I. Lee, and C. P. Lee. Can midwife help in preventing depression in women at six weeks postpartum by early intervention? In: International Confederation of Midwives and Women Working Together for the Family of the World: ICM Proceedings; 2002 Apr 16; Vienna, Austria: 13 (CD ROM).
Kuo S. C., K. C. Lin, C. H. Hsu, C. C. Yang, M. Y. Chang, C. M. Tsao, and L. C. Lin. Evaluation of the effects of a birth plan on Taiwanese women’s childbirth experiences, control and expectations fulfilment: a randomised controlled trial. Int J Nurs Stud 47 (7):806-814, 2010.
Kvorning N., C. Holmberg, L. Grennert, A. Aberg, and J. Akeson. Acupuncture relieves pelvic and low-back pain in late pregnancy. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 83 (3):246-250, 2004.
Lallemant M., G. Jourdain, S. Le Coeur, J. Y. Mary, N. Ngo-Giang-Huong, S. Koetsawang, S. Kanshana, K. McIntosh, and V. Thaineua. Single-dose perinatal nevirapine plus standard zidovudine to prevent mother-to-child transmission of HIV-1 in Thailand. N Engl J Med 351 (3):217-228, 2004.
Lancaster C. A., K. J. Gold, H. A. Flynn, H. Yoo, S. M. Marcus, and M. M. Davis. Risk factors for depressive symptoms during pregnancy: a systematic review. Am J Obstet Gynecol 202 (1):5-14, 2010.
Larrubia Muñoza O. and F. J. Pérez Domínguez. Fármacos y embarazo. JANO 1762:66-71, 2010.
Laurence K. M., N. James, M. H. Miller, G. B. Tennant, and H. Campbell. Doubleblind randomised controlled trial of folate treatment before conception to prevent recurrence of neural-tube defects. Br Med J (Clin Res Ed) 282 (6275):1509-1511, 1981.
Lavender T., L. Baker, R. Smyth, S. Collins, A. Spofforth, and P. Dey. Breastfeeding expectations versus reality: a cluster randomised controlled trial. BJOG 112 (8):1047-1053, 2005.
Lazarus J. H., J. P. Bestwick, S. Channon, R. Paradice, A. Maina, R. Rees, E. Chiusano, R. John, V. Guaraldo, L. M. George, M. Perona, D. Dall’Amico, A. B. Parkes, M. Joomun, and N. J. Wald. Antenatal thyroid screening and childhood cognitive function. N Engl J Med 366 (6):493-501, 2012.
Lee A. I. and M. M. Okam. Anemia in pregnancy. Hematol Oncol Clin North Am 25 (2):241-59, vii, 2011.
Lee D. and V. I. Rawlinson. Multicentre trial of antepartum low-dose anti-D immunoglobulin. Transfus Med 5 (1):15-19, 1995.
Lee G.. Exercise in pregnancy. Mod Midwife 6 (8):28-33, 1996.
Lenihan J. P. J., Relationship of antepartum pelvic examinations to premature rupture of the membranes. Obstet Gynecol 63 (1):33-37, 1984.
Li X., J. Hu, X. Wang, H. Zhang, and J. Liu. Moxibustion and other acupuncture point stimulation methods to treat breech presentation: a systematic review of clinical trials. Chin Med 4:4, 2009.
Lilford R. J., M. Kelly, A. Baines, S. Cameron, M. Cave, K. Guthrie, and J. Thornton. Effect of using protocols on medical care: randomised trial of three methods of taking an antenatal history. BMJ 305 (6863):1181-1184, 1992.
Lin K. and J. Vickery. Screening for hepatitis B virus infection in pregnant women: evidence for the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force reaffirmation recommendation statement. Ann Intern Med 150 (12):874-876, 2009.
Lindhard A., P. V. Nielsen, L. A. Mouritsen, A. Zachariassen, H. U. Sorensen, and H. Roseno. The implications of introducing the symphyseal-fundal heightmeasurement. A prospective randomized controlled trial. Br J Obstet Gynaecol 97 (8):675-680, 1990.
Littleton H. L., K. Bye, K. Buck, and A. Amacker. Psychosocial stress during pregnancy and perinatal outcomes: a meta-analytic review. J Psychosom Obstet Gynaecol 31 (4):219-228, 2010.
Lockman S., R. L. Shapiro, L. M. Smeaton, C. Wester, I. Thior, L. Stevens, F. Chand, J. Makhema, C. Moffat, A. Asmelash, P. Ndase, P. Arimi, E. van Widenfelt, L. Mazhani, V. Novitsky, S. Lagakos, and M. Essex. Response to antiretroviral therapy after a single, peripartum dose of nevirapine. N Engl J Med 356 (2):135-147, 2007.
Lothian J. Birth plans: the good, the bad, and the future. J Obstet Gynecol Neonatal Nurs 35 (2):295-303, 2006.
Loughnan B. A., F. Carli, M. Romney, C. J. Dore, and H. Gordon. Epidural analgesia and backache: a randomized controlled comparison with intramuscular meperidine for analgesia during labour. Br J Anaesth 89 (3):466-472, 2002.
Lui S., M. Terplan, and E. J. Smith. Psychosocial interventions for women enrolled in alcohol treatment during pregnancy. Cochrane Database Syst Rev (3):CD006753, 2008.
Lumbiganon P., R. Martis, M. Laopaiboon, M. R. Festin, J. J. Ho, and M. Hakimi. Antenatal breastfeeding education for increasing breastfeeding duration. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 9:CD006425, 2012.
Lumley J., A. Lester, I. Anderson, P. Renou, and C. Wood. A randomized trial of weekly cardiotocography in high-risk obstetric patients. Br J Obstet Gynaecol 90 (11):1018-1026, 1983.
Lumley J., C. Chamberlain, T. Dowswell, S. Oliver, L. Oakley, and L. Watson. Interventions for promoting smoking cessation during pregnancy. Cochrane Database Syst Rev (3):CD001055, 2009.
Lumley J., L. Watson, R. Small, S. Brown, C. Mitchell, and J. Gunn. PRISM (Program of Resources, Information and Support for Mothers): a communityrandomised trial to reduce depression and improve women’s physical health six months after birth. BMC Public Health 6:37, 2006.
Luna M. S., C. R. Alonso, F. B. Mussons, I. E. Urcelay, J. R. Conde, E. Narbona, and Comisión de Estándares de la Sociedad Española de Neonatología. Recomendaciones para el cuidado y atención del/la recién nacido/a sano en el parto y en las primeras horas después del nacimiento. An Pediatr (Barc) 71 (4):349-361, 2009.
Macarthur A. J., C. Macarthur, and S. K. Weeks. Is epidural anesthesia in labor associated with chronic low back pain? A prospective cohort study. Anesth Analg 85 (5):1066-1070, 1997.
Macarthur A., C. Macarthur, and S. Weeks. Epidural anaesthesia and low back pain after delivery: a prospective cohort study. BMJ 311 (7016):1336-1339, 1995.
Macarthur C., H. R. Winter, D. E. Bick, H. Knowles, R. Lilford, C. Henderson, R. J. Lancashire, D. A. Braunholtz, and H. Gee. Effects of redesigned community postnatal care on womens’ health 4 months after birth: a cluster randomised controlled trial. Lancet 359 (9304):378-385, 2002.
Macarthur C., H. R. Winter, D. E. Bick, H. Knowles, R. Lilford, C. Henderson, R. J. Lancashire, D. A. Braunholtz, and H. Gee. Effects of redesigned community postnatal care on womens’ health 4 months after birth: a cluster randomised controlled trial. Lancet 359 (9304):378-385, 2002.
Macarthur C., H. R. Winter, D. E. Bick, R. J. Lilford, R. J. Lancashire, H. Knowles, D. A. Braunholtz, C. Henderson, C. Belfield, and H. Gee. Redesigning postnatal care: a randomised controlled trial of protocol-based midwifery-led care focused on individual women’s physical and psychological health needs. Health Technol Assess 7 (37):1-98, 2003.
Macarthur C., M. Lewis, E. G. Knox, and J. S. Crawford. Epidural anaesthesia and long term backache after childbirth. BMJ 301 (6742):9-12, 1990.
Macedo A. and S. Cardoso. [Routine iron supplementation in pregnancy]. Acta Med Port 23 (5):785-792, 2010.
MacKenzie I. Z., P. Bowell, H. Gregory, G. Pratt, C. Guest, and C. C. Entwistle. Routine antenatal Rhesus D immunoglobulin prophylaxis: the results of a prospective 10 year study. Br J Obstet Gynaecol 106 (5):492-497, 1999.
MacMahon E., L. J. Brown, S. Bexley, D. C. Snashall, and D. Patel. Identification of potential candidates for varicella vaccination by history: questionnaire and seroprevalence study. BMJ 329 (7465):551-552, 2004.
Magann E. F., S. P. Chauhan, J. D. Dahlke, S. S. McKelvey, E. M. Watson, and J. C. Morrison. Air travel and pregnancy outcomes: a review of pregnancy regulations and outcomes for passengers, flight attendants, and aviators. Obstet Gynecol Surv 65 (6):396-402, 2010.
Mahomed K. and Gülmezoglu A.M. Maternal iodine supplements in areas of deficiency. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Issue 3: Art. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD000135, 2006.
Majoko F., S. P. Munjanja, L. Nystrom, E. Mason, and G. Lindmark. Randomised controlled trial of two antenatal care models in rural Zimbabwe. BJOG 114 (7):802- 811, 2007.
Mak T. K., P. Mangtani, J. Leese, J. M. Watson, and D. Pfeifer. Influenza vaccination in pregnancy: current evidence and selected national policies. Lancet Infect Dis 8 (1):44-52, 2008.
Malone F. D., J. A. Canick, R. H. Ball, D. A. Nyberg, C. H. Comstock, R. Bukowski, R. L. Berkowitz, S. J. Gross, L. Dugoff, S. D. Craigo, I. E. Timor-Tritsch, S. R. Carr, H. M. Wolfe, K. Dukes, D. W. Bianchi, A. R. Rudnicka, A. K. Hackshaw, G. Lambert-Messerlian, N. J. Wald, and M. E. D’Alton. First-trimester or secondtrimester screening, or both, for Down’s syndrome. N Engl J Med 353 (19):2001- 2011, 2005.
Mangesi L. and T. Dowswell. Treatments for breast engorgement during lactation. Cochrane Database Syst Rev (9):CD006946, 2010.
Mann R. and S. Gilbody. Validity of two case finding questions to detect postnatal depression: a review of diagnostic test accuracy. J Affect Disord 133 (3):388-397, 2011.
Mardones-Santander F., P. Rosso, A. Stekel, E. Ahumada, S. Llaguno, F. Pizarro, J. Salinas, I. Vial, and T. Walter. Effect of a milk-based food supplement on maternal nutritional status and fetal growth in underweight Chilean women. Am J Clin Nutr 47 (3):413-419, 1988.
Marquez-Sterling S., A. C. Perry, T. A. Kaplan, R. A. Halberstein, and J. F. Signorile. Physical and psychological changes with vigorous exercise in sedentary primigravidae. Med Sci Sports Exerc 32 (1):58-62, 2000.
Martin J. A., B. E. Hamilton, S. J. Ventura, M. J. Osterman, S. Kirmeyer, T. J. Mathews, and E. C. Wilson. Births: final data for 2006. Natl Vital Stat Rep 57 (7):1- 120, 2009.
Martins R. and JL. Pinto e Silva. Tratamento da lombalgia 3 dor pelvica posterior na gestacao por um metodo de exercisios. Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia y Obstetricia 27 (5):275-282, 2005.
Marut J. S. and R. T. Mercer. Comparison of primiparas’ perceptions of vaginal and cesarean births. Nurs Res 28 (5):260-266, 1979.
Mason G. C., R. J. Lilford, J. Porter, E. Nelson, and S. Tyrell. Randomised comparison of routine versus highly selective use of Doppler ultrasound in low risk pregnancies. Br J Obstet Gynaecol 100 (2):130-133, 1993.
Mattar C. N., Y. S. Chong, Y. S. Chan, A. Chew, P. Tan, Y. H. Chan, and M. H. Rauff. Simple antenatal preparation to improve breastfeeding practice: a randomized controlled trial. Obstet Gynecol 109 (1):73-80, 2007.
Mayne S., J. H. Parker, T. A. Harden, S. D. Dodds, and J. A. Beale. Rate of RhD sensitisation before and after implementation of a community based antenatal prophylaxis programme. BMJ 315 (7122):1588, 1997.
Mazzotta P. and L. A. Magee. A risk-benefit assessment of pharmacological and nonpharmacological treatments for nausea and vomiting of pregnancy. Drugs 59 (4):781-800, 2000.
McCready J. A., D. Morens, H. A. Fields, P. J. Coleman, M. Kane, and G. Schatz. Evaluation of enzyme immunoassay (EIA) as a screening method for hepatitis B markers in an open population. Epidemiol Infect 107 (3):673-684, 1991.
McDuffie R. S. J., A. Beck, K. Bischoff, J. Cross, and M. Orleans. Effect of frequency of prenatal care visits on perinatal outcome among low-risk women. A randomized controlled trial. JAMA 275 (11):847-851, 1996.
McDuffie R. S. J., G. E. Nelson, C. L. Osborn, C. D. Parke, S. M. Crawmer, M. Orleans, and A. D. Haverkamp. Effect of routine weekly cervical examinations at term on premature rupture of the membranes: a randomized controlled trial. Obstet Gynecol 79 (2):219-222, 1992.
McKenna D., S. Tharmaratnam, S. Mahsud, C. Bailie, A. Harper, and J. Dornan. A randomized trial using ultrasound to identify the high-risk fetus in a low-risk population. Obstet Gynecol 101 (4):626-632, 2003.
McLeod R., F. Kieffer, M. Sautter, T. Hosten, and H. Pelloux. Why prevent, diagnose and treat congenital toxoplasmosis? Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 104 (2):320- 344, 2009.
McLeod R., K. M. Boyer, D. Lee, E. Mui, K. Wroblewski, T. Karrison, A. G. Noble, S. Withers, C. N. Swisher, P. T. Heydemann, M. Sautter, J. Babiarz, P. Rabiah, P. Meier, and M. E. Grigg. Prematurity and severity are associated with Toxoplasma gondii alleles (NCCCTS, 1981-2009). Clin Infect Dis 54 (11):1595-1605, 2012.
McNair R. D., S. R. MacDonald, S. L. Dooley, and L. R. Peterson. Evaluation of the centrifuged and Gram-stained smear, urinalysis, and reagent strip testing to detect asymptomatic bacteriuria in obstetric patients. Am J Obstet Gynecol 182 (5):1076- 1079, 2000.
Mehdizadeh A., F. Roosta, S. Chaichian, and R. Alaghehbandan. Evaluation of the impact of birth preparation courses on the health of the mother and the newborn. Am J Perinatol 22 (1):7-9, 2005.
Melchor Marcos J. C. Prevención de la infección perinatal por estreptococo del grupo B. Recomendaciones españolas revisadas 2012. SEGO, SEN, SEIMC, SEQ, SEMFyC. Prog Obstet Ginecol. 2012. doi:10.1016/ j.pog.2012.02.003.
Memari A. A., T. Ramim, M. Amini, A. Mehran, A. Akharlu, and P. Shkiba’i. The effects of aerobic exercise on pregnancy and its outcomes. HAYAT. Journal of the School of Nursing and Midwifery 12 (4):35-41, 2006.
Metzger B. E., L. P. Lowe, A. R. Dyer, E. R. Trimble, U. Chaovarindr, D. R. Coustan, D. R. Hadden, D. R. McCance, M. Hod, H. D. McIntyre, J. J. Oats, B. Persson, M. S. Rogers, and D. A. Sacks. Hyperglycemia and adverse pregnancy outcomes. N Engl J Med 358 (19):1991-2002, 2008.
Meyers D. S., H. Halvorson, and S. Luckhaupt. Screening for chlamydial infection: an evidence update for the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force. Ann Intern Med 147 (2):135-142, 2007.
Meyers D., H. Halvorson, and S. Luckhaupt. Screening for Chlamydial Infection: A Focused Evidence Update for the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force. Evidence Synthesis No. 48. Rockville, MD: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality; June 2007. AHRQ publication no. 07-15101-EF-1.
Mignini L., G. Carroli, E. Abalos, M. Widmer, S. Amigot, J. M. Nardin, D. Giordano, M. Merialdi, G. Arciero, and M. Del Carmen Hourquescos. Accuracy of diagnostic tests to detect asymptomatic bacteriuria during pregnancy. Obstet Gynecol 113 (2 Pt 1):346-352, 2009.
Mikkelsen T. B., M. Osler, I. Orozova-Bekkevold, V. K. Knudsen, and S. F. Olsen. Association between fruit and vegetable consumption and birth weight: a prospective study among 43,585 Danish women. Scand J Public Health 34 (6):616- 622, 2006.
Millheiser L. Female sexual function during pregnancy and postpartum. J Sex Med 9 (2):635-636, 2012.
Mitchell E. A., P. G. Tuohy, J. M. Brunt, J. M. Thompson, M. S. Clements, A. W. Stewart, R. P. Ford, and B. J. Taylor. Risk factors for sudden infant death syndrome following the prevention campaign in New Zealand: a prospective study. Pediatrics 100 (5):835-840, 1997.
Mollart L. Single-blind trial addressing the differential effects of two reflexology techniques versus rest, on ankle and foot oedema in late pregnancy. Complement Ther Nurs Midwifery 9 (4):203-208, 2003.
Montoya J. G. and J. S. Remington. Management of Toxoplasma gondii infection during pregnancy. Clin Infect Dis 47 (4):554-566, 2008.
Moore E. R., G. C. Anderson, N. Bergman, and T. Dowswell. Early skin-to-skin contact for mothers and their healthy newborn infants. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 5:CD003519, 2012.
Moos M. K., A. L. Dunlop, B. W. Jack, L. Nelson, D. V. Coonrod, R. Long, K. Boggess, and P. M. Gardiner. Healthier women, healthier reproductive outcomes: recommendations for the routine care of all women of reproductive age. Am J Obstet Gynecol 199 (6 Suppl 2):S280-S289, 2008.
Morimura Y., K. Fujimori, S. Soeda, T. Hashimoto, Y. Takano, H. Yamada, K. Yanagida, and A. Sato. Cervical cytology during pregnancy–comparison with nonpregnant women and management of pregnant women with abnormal cytology. Fukushima J Med Sci 48 (1):27-37, 2002.
Morrell C. J., H. Spiby, P. Stewart, S. Walters, and A. Morgan. Costs and effectiveness of community postnatal support workers: randomised controlled trial. BMJ 321 (7261):593-598, 2000.
Morrell C. J., H. Spiby, P. Stewart, S. Walters, and A. Morgan. Costs and benefits of community postnatal support workers: a randomised controlled trial. Health Technol Assess 4 (6):1-100, 2000.
Mueller-Lissner S. A. and A. Wald. Constipation in adults. Clin Evid (Online) 2010, 2010.
Munjanja S. P., G. Lindmark, and L. Nystrom. Randomised controlled trial of a reduced-visits programme of antenatal care in Harare, Zimbabwe. Lancet 348 (9024):364-369, 1996.
Muñoz-Vilches M. J., J. Salasa, T. Cabezasa, D. Metzb, J. Vázqueza, and M. J. Soriano. Cribado de Chagas en mujeres gestantes latinoamericanas. Experiencia en el Poniente Almeriense. Enferm Infecc Microbiol Clin 30 (7):380-382, 2012.
Murcia M, Rebagliato M, Espada M, Vioque J, Santa Marina L, Alvarez-Pedrerol M, Lopez-Espinosa MJ, León G, Iñiguez C, Basterrechea M, Guxens M, Lertxundi A, Perales A, Ballester F, Sunyer J; INMA Study Group. Iodine intake in a population of pregnant women: INMA mother and child cohort study, Spain. J Epidemiol Community Health. 2010; 64:1094-9.
Murphy N. J., B. A. Meyer, R. T. O’Kell, and M. E. Hogard. Carbohydrate sources for gestational diabetes mellitus screening. A comparison. J Reprod Med 39 (12):977-981, 1994.
Muslimatun S., M. K. Schmidt, C. E. West, W. Schultink, J. G. Hautvast, and D. Karyadi. Weekly vitamin A and iron supplementation during pregnancy increases vitamin A concentration of breast milk but not iron status in Indonesian lactating women. J Nutr 131 (10):2664-2669, 2001.
Nassar N., G. H. Halligan, C. L. Roberts, J. M. Morris, and A. W. Ashton. Systematic review of first-trimester vitamin D normative levels and outcomes of pregnancy. Am J Obstet Gynecol 205 (3):208, 2011.
National Collaborating Centre for Primary Care. Postnatal care: routine postnatal care of women and their babies [Internet]. Londres (Reino Unido), 2006 [Consulta: 12 febr. 2012]. Disponible en: http://www.nice.org.uk/ nicemedia/live/10988/30146/ 30146.pdf.
National Collaborating Centre for Women’s and Children’s Health.Antenatal care. Antenatal care: Routine care for the healthy pregnant woman. Londres: National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence, marzo de 2008.
Negro R., A. Schwartz, R. Gismondi, A. Tinelli, T. Mangieri, and A. Stagnaro- Green. Universal screening versus case finding for detection and treatment of thyroid hormonal dysfunction during pregnancy. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 95 (4):1699-1707, 2010.
Neilson J. P., S. P. Munjanja, and C. R. Whitfield. Screening for small for dates fetuses: a controlled trial. Br Med J (Clin Res Ed) 289 (6453):1179-1182, 1984. Nelson A. M. A comprehensive review of evidence and current recommendations related to pacifier usage. J Pediatr Nurs 27 (6):690-699, 2012.
Nelson H. D. and M. Helfand. Screening for chlamydial infection. Am J Prev Med 20 (3 Suppl):95-107, 2001.
Nelson H. D., N. Glass, L. Huffman, K. Villemyer, A. Hamilton, and P. Frame. . Screening for Syphilis: Brief Update. Rockville, MD: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality; 2004. Acceso online en http://www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/ 3rduspstf/syphilis/syphilup.pdf [accedido el 25 de mayo de 2012].
Neuzil K. M., G. W. Reed, E. F. Mitchel, L. Simonsen, and M. R. Griffin. Impact of influenza on acute cardiopulmonary hospitalizations in pregnant women. Am J Epidemiol 148 (11):1094-1102, 1998.
Newnham J. P., D. A. Doherty, G. E. Kendall, S. R. Zubrick, L. L. Landau, and F. J. Stanley. Effects of repeated prenatal ultrasound examinations on childhood outcome up to 8 years of age: follow-up of a randomised controlled trial. Lancet 364 (9450):2038-2044, 2004.
Newnham J. P., S. F. Evans, C. A. Michael, F. J. Stanley, and L. I. Landau. Effects of frequent ultrasound during pregnancy: a randomised controlled trial. Lancet 342 (8876):887-891, 1993.
Newnham J., W. MacDonald, and L. Gurrin. The effect of frequent prenatal ultrasound on birthweight: follow up at one year of age. Proceedings of the 14th Australian Perinatal Society in conjunction with the New Zealand Perinatal Society; 1996 March 24-27; Adelaide, Australia. 1996.
NICE public health guidance 11: improving the nutrition of pregnant and breastfeeding mothers and children in low-income households [Internet]. Londres (Reino Unido): National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence; 2008 [Consulta: 12 febr. 2012]. Disponible en: http://www.nice.org.uk/nicemedia/ pdf/PH011guidance.pdf Nicol B., M. Croughan-Minihane, and S. J. Kilpatrick. Lack of value of routine postpartum hematocrit determination after vaginal delivery. Obstet Gynecol 90 (4 Pt 1):514-518, 1997.
Nicolaides K. H., K. Spencer, K. Avgidou, S. Faiola, and O. Falcon. Multicenter study of first-trimester screening for trisomy 21 in 75 821 pregnancies: results and estimation of the potential impact of individual risk-orientated two-stage firsttrimester screening. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 25 (3):221-226, 2005.
Nohr S. B., A. Jorgensen, K. M. Pedersen, and P. Laurberg. Postpartum thyroid dysfunction in pregnant thyroid peroxidase antibody-positive women living in an area with mild to moderate iodine deficiency: is iodine supplementation safe? J Clin Endocrinol Metab 85 (9):3191-3198, 2000.
Noren L., S. Ostgaard, T. F. Nielsen, and H. C. Ostgaard. Reduction of sick leave for lumbar back and posterior pelvic pain in pregnancy. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 22 (18):2157-2160, 1997.
Norheim A. J., E. J. Pedersen, V. Fonnebo, and L. Berge. Acupressure treatment of morning sickness in pregnancy. A randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Scand J Prim Health Care 19 (1):43-47, 2001.
Nygard M., A. K. Daltveit, S. O. Thoresen, and J. F. Nygard. Effect of an antepartum Pap smear on the coverage of a cervical cancer screening programme: a populationbased prospective study. BMC Health Serv Res 7:10, 2007.
Nygren P., R. Fu, M. Freeman, C. Bougatsos, M. Klebanoff, and J. M. Guise. Evidence on the benefits and harms of screening and treating pregnant women who are asymptomatic for bacterial vaginosis: an update review for the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force. Ann Intern Med 148 (3):220-233, 2008.
O’Brien K. O., N. Zavaleta, L. E. Caulfield, D. X. Yang, and S. A. Abrams. Influence of prenatal iron and zinc supplements on supplemental iron absorption, red blood cell iron incorporation, and iron status in pregnant Peruvian women. Am J Clin Nutr 69 (3):509-515, 1999.
Odegard R. A., L. J. Vatten, S. T. Nilsen, K. A. Salvesen, and R. Austgulen. Risk factors and clinical manifestations of preeclampsia. BJOG 107 (11):1410-1416, 2000.
Olarinoye J. K., A. E. Ohwovoriole, and G. O. Ajayi. Diagnosis of gestational diabetes mellitus in Nigerian pregnant women–comparison between 75G and 100G oral glucose tolerance tests. West Afr J Med 23 (3):198-201, 2004.
Olsen S. F., H. S. Hansen, T. I. Sorensen, B. Jensen, N. J. Secher, S. Sommer, and L. B. Knudsen. Intake of marine fat, rich in (n-3)-polyunsaturated fatty acids, may increase birthweight by prolonging gestation. Lancet 2 (8503):367-369, 1986.
Orlikowski C. E., J. E. Dickinson, M. J. Paech, S. J. McDonald, and E. Nathan. Intrapartum analgesia and its association with post-partum back pain and headache in nulliparous women. Aust N Z J Obstet Gynaecol 46 (5):395-401, 2006.
Otani M. M., E. Vinelli, L. V. Kirchhoff, A. del Pozo, A. Sands, G. Vercauteren, and E. C. Sabino. WHO comparative evaluation of serologic assays for Chagas disease. Transfusion 49 (6):1076-1082, 2009.
Page T., C. Lockwood, and K. Guest. The management of nipple pain and/or trauma associated with breastfeeding. Best Practice: evidence based information sheets for health professionals 13 (4):1-4, 2009.
Partlow D. B. J., S. P. Chauhan, L. Justice, E. F. Magann, R. W. Martin, and J. C. Morrison. Diagnosis of postpartum infections: clinical criteria are better than laboratory parameter. J Miss State Med Assoc 45 (3):67-70, 2004.
Pate B. A systematic review of the effectiveness of breastfeeding intervention delivery methods. J Obstet Gynecol Neonatal Nurs 38 (6):642-653, 2009.
Patra J., R. Bakker, H. Irving, V. W. Jaddoe, S. Malini, and J. Rehm. Dose-response relationship between alcohol consumption before and during pregnancy and the risks of low birthweight, preterm birth and small for gestational age (SGA)-a systematic review and meta-analyses. BJOG 118 (12):1411-1421, 2011.
Peckham C. S., K. S. Chin, J. C. Coleman, K. Henderson, R. Hurley, and P. M. Preece. Cytomegalovirus infection in pregnancy: preliminary findings from a prospective study. Lancet 1 (8338):1352-1355, 1983.
Pedersen K. M., P. Laurberg, E. Iversen, P. R. Knudsen, H. E. Gregersen, O. S. Rasmussen, K. R. Larsen, G. M. Eriksen, and P. L. Johannesen. Amelioration of some pregnancy-associated variations in thyroid function by iodine supplementation. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 77 (4):1078-1083, 1993.
Petersen L. A., D. S. Lindner, C. M. Kleiber, M. B. Zimmerman, A. T. Hinton, and J. Yankowitz. Factors that predict low hematocrit levels in the postpartum patient after vaginal delivery. Am J Obstet Gynecol 186 (4):737-744, 2002.
Pilgrim H., M. Lloyd-Jones, and A. Rees. Routine antenatal anti-D prophylaxis for RhD-negative women: a systematic review and economic evaluation. Health Technol Assess 13 (10):iii, ix-iixi, 1, 2009.
Política Social e Igualdad Ministerio de Sanidad. Estrategia Nacional de Salud Sexual y Reproductiva. Madrid: Ministerio de Sanidad, Política Social e Igualdad, 2011.
Polyzos N. P., D. Mauri, M. Tsappi, S. Tzioras, K. Kamposioras, I. Cortinovis, and G. Casazza. Combined vitamin C and E supplementation during pregnancy for preeclampsia prevention: a systematic review. Obstet Gynecol Surv 62 (3):202-206, 2007.
Pongrojpaw D., C. Somprasit, and A. Chanthasenanont. A randomized comparison of ginger and dimenhydrinate in the treatment of nausea and vomiting in pregnancy. J Med Assoc Thai 90 (9):1703-1709, 2007.
Ponsonby A. L., T. Dwyer, L. E. Gibbons, J. A. Cochrane, and Y. G. Wang. Factors potentiating the risk of sudden infant death syndrome associated with the prone position. N Engl J Med 329 (6):377-382, 1993.
Prevedel T., I. Calderon, M. DeConti, E. Consonni, and M. Rudge. Maternal and perinatal effects of hydrotherapy in pregnancy. Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia y Obstetricia 23 (1):53-59, 2003.
Protocol d’assistència al part i al puerperi i d’atenció al nadó [Internet]. Barcelona: Generalitat de Catalunya. Departament de Sanitat i Seguretat Social; 2003 [Consulta: 12 febr. 2012]. Disponible en: http://www20.gencat.cat/docs/ canalsalut/Home%20Canal%20Salut/Professionals/Temes_de_salut/Salut_maternoi nfantil/docs/protpart.pdf.
Proud J. and A. M. Grant. Third trimester placental grading by ultrasonography as a test of fetal wellbeing. Br Med J (Clin Res Ed) 294 (6588):1641-1644, 1987.
Puckett R. M. and M. Offringa. Prophylactic vitamin K for vitamin K deficiency bleeding in neonates. Cochrane Database Syst Rev (4):CD002776, 2000.
Quijano C. E. and E. Abalos. Conservative management of symptomatic and/or complicated haemorrhoids in pregnancy and the puerperium. Cochrane Database Syst Rev (3):CD004077, 2005.
Rahimi R., S. Nikfar, A. Rezaie, and M. Abdollahi. A meta-analysis on the efficacy and safety of combined vitamin C and E supplementation in preeclamptic women. Hypertens Pregnancy 28 (4):417-434, 2009.
Ramakrishnan U., L. M. Neufeld, T. Gonzalez-Cossio, S. Villalpando, A. Garcia- Guerra, J. Rivera, and R. Martorell. Multiple micronutrient supplements during pregnancy do not reduce anemia or improve iron status compared to iron-only supplements in Semirural Mexico. J Nutr 134 (4):898-903, 2004.
Ramon R., F. Ballester, C. Iniguez, M. Rebagliato, M. Murcia, A. Esplugues, A. Marco, M. Garcia de la Hera, and J. Vioque. Vegetable but not fruit intake during pregnancy is associated with newborn anthropometric measures. J Nutr 139 (3):561- 567, 2009.
Ramos-Rincón J. M., A. Milla-Jover, J. C. Rodríguez-Díaz, and F. Gutiérrez-Rodero. . Evaluación del grado de aplicación de la recomendación de cribado de la enfermedad de Chagas en mujeres embarazadas. Rev Clin Esp 212 (7):366-368, 2012.
Rasmussen K. Is There a Causal Relationship between Iron Deficiency or Iron- Deficiency Anemia and Weight at Birth, Length of Gestation and Perinatal Mortality? J Nutr 131 (2S-2):590S-601S, 2001.
Rayburn W., E. Liles, H. Christensen, and M. Robinson. Antacids vs. antacids plus non-prescription ranitidine for heartburn during pregnancy. Int J Gynaecol Obstet 66 (1):35-37, 1999.
Read J. S. and M. A. Klebanoff. Sexual intercourse during pregnancy and preterm delivery: effects of vaginal microorganisms. The Vaginal Infections and Prematurity Study Group. Am J Obstet Gynecol 168 (2):514-519, 1993.
Reading A. E. and L. D. Platt. Impact of fetal testing on maternal anxiety. J Reprod Med 30 (12):907-910, 1985.
Redman C. W., L. J. Beilin, J. Bonner, and R. Doll. Measurement of blood urea to assess the prognosis of hypertensive pregnancies. Br J Prev Soc Med 27 (1):64- 65, 1973.
Reid M., C. Glazener, G. D. Murray, and G. S. Taylor. A two-centred pragmatic randomised controlled trial of two interventions of postnatal support. BJOG 109 (10):1164-1170, 2002.
Reisfield D. R. Pyrosis and pregnancy. Curr Ther Res Clin Exp 13 (11): 680-684, 1971.
Reiss R. E., R. W. O’Shaughnessy, T. J. Quilligan, and F. P. Zuspan. Retrospective comparison of blood pressure course during preeclamptic and matched control pregnancies. Am J Obstet Gynecol 156 (4):894-898, 1987.
Remesar M. C., C. Gamba, I. F. Colaianni, M. Puppo, P. A. Sartor, E. L. Murphy, T. B. Neilands, M. A. Ridolfi, M. S. Leguizamon, S. Kuperman, and A. E. Del Pozo. Estimation of sensitivity and specificity of several Trypanosoma cruzi antibody assays in blood donors in Argentina. Transfusion 49 (11):2352-2358, 2009.
Renfrew M. J., F. M. McCormick, A. Wade, B. Quinn, and T. Dowswell. Support for healthy breastfeeding mothers with healthy term babies. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 5:CD001141, 2012.
Renfrew M., L. Dyson, L. Wallace, L. D’Souza, F. McCormick, and H. Spiby. The effectiveness of public health interventions to promote the duration of breastfeeding. Systematic review. Londres: National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence, mayo de 2005.
Reuland D. S., A. Cherrington, G. S. Watkins, D. W. Bradford, R. A. Blanco, and B. N. Gaynes. Diagnostic accuracy of Spanish language depression-screening instruments. Ann Fam Med 7 (5):455-462, 2009.
Reveiz L., G. M. Gyte, L. G. Cuervo, and A. Casasbuenas. Treatments for irondeficiency anaemia in pregnancy. Cochrane Database Syst Rev (10):CD003094, 2011.
Roberts E. A. and L. Yeung. Maternal-infant transmission of hepatitis C virus infection. Hepatology 36 (5 Suppl 1):S106-S113, 2002.
Rode L., H. K. Hegaard, H. Kjaergaard, L. F. Moller, A. Tabor, and B. Ottesen. Association between maternal weight gain and birth weight. Obstet Gynecol 109 (6):1309-1315, 2007.
Rodger M. A., M. Walker, and P. S. Wells. Diagnosis and treatment of venous thromboembolism in pregnancy. Best Pract Res Clin Haematol 16 (2):279-296, 2003. Rodriguez-Bernal, R. Ramon, J. Quiles, M. Murcia, E. M. Navarrete-Munoz, J. Vioque, F. Ballester, and M. C. L.Rebagliato. Dietary intake in pregnant women in a Spanish Mediterranean area: as good as it is supposed to be? Public Health Nutr:1- 11, 2012.
Romano R., E. A. Jannini, M. Pepe, A. Grimaldi, M. Olivieri, P. Spennati, F. Cappa, and M. D’Armiento. The effects of iodoprophylaxis on thyroid size during pregnancy. Am J Obstet Gynecol 164 (2):482-485, 1991.
Rossiter J. C. The effect of a culture-specific education program to promote breastfeeding among Vietnamese women in Sydney. Int J Nurs Stud 31 (4):369- 379, 1994.
Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists (RCOG). Recurrent Miscarriage, Investigation and Treatment of Couples (Green-top 17). London: Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists, April 2011.
Rumbold A. and C. A. Crowther. Vitamin C supplementation in pregnancy. Cochrane Database Syst Rev (2):CD004072, 2005.
Rumbold A. and C. A. Crowther. Vitamin E supplementation in pregnancy. Cochrane Database Syst Rev (2):CD004069, 2005.
Rumbold A. R. and C. A. Crowther. Women’s experiences of being screened for gestational diabetes mellitus. Aust N Z J Obstet Gynaecol 42 (2):131-137, 2002.
Rush D., Z. Stein, and M. Susser. A randomized controlled trial of prenatal nutritional supplementation in New York City. Pediatrics 65 (4):683-697, 1980.
Rush D., Z. Stein, and M. Susser. Controlled trial of prenatal nutrition supplementation defended. Pediatrics 66 (4):656-658, 1980.
Russell R., P. Groves, N. Taub, J. O’Dowd, and F. Reynolds. Assessing long term backache after childbirth. BMJ 306 (6888):1299-1303, 1993.
Russell R., R. Dundas, and F. Reynolds. Long term backache after childbirth: prospective search for causative factors. BMJ 312 (7043):1384-1388, 1996.
Ryan G. M. J., T. N. Abdella, S. G. McNeeley, V. S. Baselski, and D. E. Drummond. Chlamydia trachomatis infection in pregnancy and effect of treatment on outcome. Am J Obstet Gynecol 162 (1):34-39, 1990.
S. E. G. O. Protocolos. Fármacos y gestación. Protocolos SEGO núm. 37. Prog Obstet Ginecol 48 (2):106-110, 2005.
Saari-Kemppainen A., O. Karjalainen, P. Ylostalo, and O. P. Heinonen. Ultrasound screening and perinatal mortality: controlled trial of systematic one-stage screening in pregnancy. The Helsinki Ultrasound Trial. Lancet 336 (8712):387-391, 1990.
Sainz Bueno J. A., M. R. Romano, R. G. Teruel, A. G. Benjumea, A. F. Palacin, C. A. Gonzalez, and M. C. Manzano. Early discharge from obstetrics-pediatrics at the Hospital de Valme, with domiciliary follow-up. Am J Obstet Gynecol 193 (3 Pt 1):714-726, 2005.
Sainz Bueno J. A., M. R. Romano, R. G. Teruel, A. G. Benjumea, A. F. Palacin, C. A. Gonzalez, and M. C. Manzano. Early discharge from obstetrics-pediatrics at the Hospital de Valme, with domiciliary follow-up. Am J Obstet Gynecol 193 (3 Pt 1):714-726, 2005.
Salako B. L., A. T. Odukogbe, O. Olayemi, K. S. Adedapo, C. O. Aimakhu, F. E. Alu, and B. Ola. Serum albumin, creatinine, uric acid and hypertensive disorders of pregnancy. East Afr Med J 80 (8):424-428, 2003.
Sarkar S., S. Yusif, and D. Egan. Cervical screening during pregnancy. Ir Med J 99 (9):284-285, 2006.
Schmidt M. I., B. B. Duncan, A. J. Reichelt, L. Branchtein, M. C. Matos, e. Forti Costa, E. R. Spichler, J. M. Pousada, M. M. Teixeira, and T. Yamashita. Gestational diabetes mellitus diagnosed with a 2-h 75-g oral glucose tolerance test and adverse pregnancy outcomes. Diabetes Care 24 (7):1151-1155, 2001.
Scuffham P. A. and P. B. McIntyre. Pertussis vaccination strategies for neonates–an exploratory cost-effectiveness analysis. Vaccine 22 (21-22):2953-2964, 2004.
Semba, RD, Munasir, Z, Akib, A, Melikian, G, Permaesih, D, Muherdiyantiningsih, Marituti, S. Muhilal. Integration of vitamin A supplementation with the Expanded Programme on Immunization: lack of impact on morbidity or infant growth. Acta Paediatr 90(10):1107-11, 2001.
Serati M., S. Salvatore, G. Siesto, E. Cattoni, M. Zanirato, V. Khullar, A. Cromi, F. Ghezzi, and P. Bolis. Female sexual function during pregnancy and after childbirth. J Sex Med 7 (8):2782-2790, 2010.
Servei de Salut de les Illes Balears. Guia de bones pràctiques en l’atenció de l’embaràs, del part, del puerperi i del període neonatal a l’àrea de salut maternoinfantil de les Illes Balears. Govern de les Illes Balears, Conselleria de Salut, Família i Benestar Social, 2012.
Servicios Sociales e Igualdad. Ministerio de Sanidad. Programa de salud materno infantil. http://www.msc.es/ciudadanos/proteccionSalud/mujeres/ embarazo/ embarazo.htm (accedido el 1 junio 2012).
Shaffer N., R. Chuachoowong, P. A. Mock, C. Bhadrakom, W. Siriwasin, N. L. Young, T. Chotpitayasunondh, S. Chearskul, A. Roongpisuthipong, P. Chinayon, J. Karon, T. D. Mastro, and R. J. Simonds. Short-course zidovudine for perinatal HIV- 1 transmission in Bangkok, Thailand: a randomised controlled trial. Bangkok Collaborative Perinatal HIV Transmission Study Group. Lancet 353 (9155):773-780, 1999.
Shah N. R. and M. B. Bracken. A systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective studies on the association between maternal cigarette smoking and preterm delivery. Am J Obstet Gynecol 182 (2):465-472, 2000.
Shields K. E., K. Galil, J. Seward, R. G. Sharrar, J. F. Cordero, and E. Slater. Varicella vaccine exposure during pregnancy: data from the first 5 years of the pregnancy registry. Obstet Gynecol 98 (1):14-19, 2001.
Shipp T. D., C. M. Zelop, J. T. Repke, A. Cohen, and E. Lieberman. Interdelivery interval and risk of symptomatic uterine rupture. Obstet Gynecol 97 (2):175-177, 2001.
Sibai B. M., T. Gordon, E. Thom, S. N. Caritis, M. Klebanoff, D. McNellis, and R. H. Paul. Risk factors for preeclampsia in healthy nulliparous women: a prospective multicenter study. The National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Network of Maternal-Fetal Medicine Units. Am J Obstet Gynecol 172 (2 Pt 1):642- 648, 1995.
Siega-Riz A. M., L. S. Adair, and C. J. Hobel. Maternal underweight status and inadequate rate of weight gain during the third trimester of pregnancy increases the risk of preterm delivery. J Nutr 126 (1):146-153, 1996.
Siegel M. Congenital malformations following chickenpox, measles, mumps, and hepatitis. Results of a cohort study. JAMA 226 (13):1521-1524, 1973.
Sikorski J., J. Wilson, S. Clement, S. Das, and N. Smeeton. A randomised controlled trial comparing two schedules of antenatal visits: the antenatal care project. BMJ 312 (7030):546-553, 1996.
Singapore Ministry of Health. Management of breastfeeding for healthy full term infants. Singapore: Singapore Ministry of Health, 2002.
Skowronski DM, Janjua NZ, Tsafack EP, Ouakki M, Hoang L, De Serres G. The number needed to vaccinate to prevent infant pertussis hospitalization and death through parent cocoon immunization. Clin Infect Dis. 2012;54(3):318-27.
Smith C., C. Crowther, K. Willson, N. Hotham, and V. McMillian. A randomized controlled trial of ginger to treat nausea and vomiting in pregnancy. Obstet Gynecol 103 (4):639-645, 2004.
Smith E. J., S. Lui, and M. Terplan. Pharmacologic interventions for pregnant women enrolled in alcohol treatment. Cochrane Database Syst Rev (3):CD007361, 2009.
Smith-Hanrahan C. and D. Deblois. Postpartum early discharge: impact on maternal fatigue and functional ability. Clin Nurs Res 4 (1):50-66, 1995.
Smith-Hanrahan C. and D. Deblois. Postpartum early discharge: impact on maternal fatigue and functional ability. Clin Nurs Res 4 (1):50-66, 1995.
Smuts C. M., E. Borod, J. M. Peeples, and S. E. Carlson. High-DHA eggs: feasibility as a means to enhance circulating DHA in mother and infant. Lipids 38 (4):407-414, 2003.
Snijders R. J., K. Sundberg, W. Holzgreve, G. Henry, and K. H. Nicolaides. Maternal age- and gestation-specific risk for trisomy 21. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 13 (3):167-170, 1999.
Sociedad Española de Ginecología. Control prenatal del embarazo normal. Protocolos Asistenciales en Obstetricia (ProSEGO), 2010. Obstet Gynecol 33 (5):599-608, 2009.
Sommer A. Vitamin A Deficiency and its Consequences. A Field Guide to Detection and Control. Third Edition. Geneva: World Health Organization; 1995.
Soriguer F, García-Fuentes E, Gutierrez-Repiso C, Rojo-Martínez G, Velasco I, Goday A, Bosch-Comas A, Bordiú E, Calle A, Carmena R, Casamitjana R, Castaño L, Castell C, Catalá M, Delgado E, Franch J, Gaztambide S, Girbés J, Gomis R, Gutiérrez G, López-Alba A, Martínez-Larrad MT, Menéndez E, Mora-Peces I, Ortega E, Pascual-Manich G, Serrano- Rios M, Valdés S, Vázquez JA, Vendrell J. Iodine intake in the adult population. Di@bet.es study. Clin Nutr. 2012 May 4. [Epub ahead of print].
Soriguer F, Gutierrez-Repiso C, Gonzalez-Romero S, Olveira G, Garriga MJ, Velasco I, Santiago P, de Escobar GM, Garcia-Fuentes E; Iodine Deficiency Disorders Group of Spanish Society of Endocrinology and Nutrition. Iodine concentration in cow’s milk and its relation with urinary iodine concentrations in the population. Clin Nutr. 2011;30:44-8
Spirito A., C. Williams, L. Ruggiero, A. Bond, S. T. McGarvey, and D. Coustan. Psychological impact of the diagnosis of gestational diabetes. Obstet Gynecol 73 (4):562-566, 1989.
Sripramote M. and N. Lekhyananda. A randomized comparison of ginger and vitamin B6 in the treatment of nausea and vomiting of pregnancy. J Med Assoc Thai 86 (9):846-853, 2003.
Stade B. C., C. Bailey, D. Dzendoletas, M. Sgro, T. Dowswell, and D. Bennett. Psychological and/or educational interventions for reducing alcohol consumption in pregnant women and women planning pregnancy. Cochrane Database Syst Rev (2):CD004228, 2009.
Stamilio D. M., E. DeFranco, E. Pare, A. O. Odibo, J. F. Peipert, J. E. Allsworth, E. Stevens, and G. A. Macones. Short interpregnancy interval: risk of uterine rupture and complications of vaginal birth after cesarean delivery. Obstet Gynecol 110 (5):1075-1082, 2007.
Stamilio D. M., H. M. Sehdev, M. A. Morgan, K. Propert, and G. A. Macones. Can antenatal clinical and biochemical markers predict the development of severe preeclampsia? Am J Obstet Gynecol 182 (3):589-594, 2000.
Stamp G. E., A. S. Williams, and C. A. Crowther. Evaluation of antenatal and postnatal support to overcome postnatal depression: a randomized, controlled trial. Birth 22 (3):138-143, 1995.
Stanwell-Smith R., A. M. Parker, P. Chakraverty, N. Soltanpoor, and C. N. Simpson. Possible association of influenza A with fetal loss: investigation of a cluster of spontaneous abortions and stillbirths. Commun Dis Rep CDR Rev 4 (3):R28-R32, 1994.
Steele N. M., J. French, J. Gatherer-Boyles, S. Newman, and S. Leclaire. Effect of acupressure by Sea-Bands on nausea and vomiting of pregnancy. J Obstet Gynecol Neonatal Nurs 30 (1):61-70, 2001.
Steer P. J. Maternal hemoglobin concentration and birth weight. Am J Clin Nutr 71 (5 Suppl):1285S-1287S, 2000.
Steer P., M. A. Alam, J. Wadsworth, and A. Welch. Relation between maternal haemoglobin concentration and birth weight in different ethnic groups. BMJ 310 (6978):489-491, 1995.
Stettler R. W. and F. G. Cunningham. Natural history of chronic proteinuria complicating pregnancy. Am J Obstet Gynecol 167 (5):1219-1224, 1992.
Steyn D. W. and H. J. Odenaal. Routine or computerized cardiotocography in severe preeclampsia? A randomized controlled trial. J Maternal Fetal Invest 7:166- 171, 1997.
Stillwaggon E, Carrier CS, Sautter M, McLeod R. Maternal serologic screening to prevent congenital toxoplasmosis: a decision-analytic economic model. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 5(9):e1333, 2011.
Stirrat G. M. Recurrent miscarriage. Lancet 336 (8716):673-675, 1990.
Strebel P. M., M. J. Papania, G. Dayan, and N. A. Halsey. Measles vaccine. En: Plotkin SA, Orenstein WA, Offit P, editors. Vaccines. 4th ed. Philadelphia: Elsevier; 2008. p. 353-98.
Stubblefield P. G., D. V. Coonrod, U. M. Reddy, R. Sayegh, W. Nicholson, D. F. Rychlik, and B. W. Jack. The clinical content of preconception care: reproductive history. Am J Obstet Gynecol 199 (6 Suppl 2):S373-S383, 2008.
Suksomboon N., N. Poolsup, and S. Ket-Aim. Systematic review of the efficacy of antiretroviral therapies for reducing the risk of mother-to-child transmission of HIV infection. J Clin Pharm Ther 32 (3):293-311, 2007.
Suputtitada A., T. Wacharapreechanont, and P. Chaisayan. Effect of the «sitting pelvic tilt exercise» during the third trimester in primigravidas on back pain. J Med Assoc Thai 85 Suppl 1:S170-S179, 2002.
Swadpanich U., P. Lumbiganon, W. Prasertcharoensook, and M. Laopaiboon. Antenatal lower genital tract infection screening and treatment programs for preventing preterm delivery. Cochrane Database Syst Rev (2):CD006178, 2008.
Sweeney C., H. Smith, J. C. Foster, J. C. Place, J. Specht, N. K. Kochenour, and B. M. Prater. Effects of a nutrition intervention program during pregnancy. Maternal data phases 1 and 2. J Nurse Midwifery 30 (3):149-158, 1985.
Syed M., H. Javed, M. Y. Yakoob, and Z. A. Bhutta. Effect of screening and management of diabetes during pregnancy on stillbirths. BMC Public Health 11 Suppl 3:S2, 2011.
Syngelaki A., F. E. Bredaki, E. Vaikousi, N. Maiz, and K. H. Nicolaides. Body mass index at 11-13 weeks’ gestation and pregnancy complications. Fetal Diagn Ther 30 (4):250-265, 2011.
Szajewska H., A. Horvath, and B. Koletzko. Effect of n-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid supplementation of women with low-risk pregnancies on pregnancy outcomes and growth measures at birth: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Am J Clin Nutr 83 (6):1337-1344, 2006.
Szajewska H., M. Ruszczynski, and A. Chmielewska. Effects of iron supplementation in nonanemic pregnant women, infants, and young children on the mental performance and psychomotor development of children: a systematic review of randomized controlled trials. Am J Clin Nutr 91 (6):1684-1690, 2010.
Talge NM, Neal C, Glover V; Early Stress, Translational Research and Prevention Science Network: Fetal and Neonatal Experience on Child and Adolescent Mental Health. Antenatal maternal stress and long-term effects on child neurodevelopment: how and why? J Child Psychol Psychiatry. 2007;48(3-4):245-61.
Taminato M., D. Fram, M. R. Torloni, A. G. Belasco, H. Saconato, and D. A. Barbosa. Screening for group B Streptococcus in pregnant women: a systematic review and metaanalysis. Rev Lat Am Enfermagem 19 (6):1470-1478, 2011.
Tamma P. D., K. A. Ault, C. del Rio, M. C. Steinhoff, N. A. Halsey, and S. B. Omer. Safety of influenza vaccination during pregnancy. Am J Obstet Gynecol 201 (6):547- 552, 2009.
Tanaka M., C. R. Vitek, F. B. Pascual, K. M. Bisgard, J. E. Tate, and T. V. Murphy. Trends in pertussis among infants in the United States, 1980-1999. JAMA 290 (22):2968-2975, 2003.
Thaler E., R. Huch, A. Huch, and R. Zimmermann. Compression stockings prophylaxis of emergent varicose veins in pregnancy: a prospective randomised controlled study. Swiss Med Wkly 131 (45-46):659-662, 2001.
Thangaratinam S., K. M. Ismail, S. Sharp, A. Coomarasamy, and K. S. Khan. Accuracy of serum uric acid in predicting complications of preeclampsia: a systematic review. BJOG 113 (4):369-378, 2006.
Thaver D., M. A. Saeed, and Z. A. Bhutta. Pyridoxine (vitamin B6) supplementation in pregnancy. Cochrane Database Syst Rev (2):CD000179, 2006.
Thomas I. L., J. Nicklin, H. Pollock, and K. Faulkner. Evaluation of a maternity cushion (Ozzlo pillow) for backache and insomnia in late pregnancy. Aust N Z J Obstet Gynaecol 29 (2):133-138, 1989.
Thompson J. F., C. L. Roberts, M. Currie, and D. A. Ellwood. Prevalence and persistence of health problems after childbirth: associations with parity and method of birth. Birth 29 (2):83-94, 2002.
Thompson J. M., B. T. Thach, D. M. Becroft, and E. A. Mitchell. Sudden infant death syndrome: risk factors for infants found face down differ from other SIDS cases. J Pediatr 149 (5):630-633, 2006.
Tinajeros F., D. Grossman, K. Richmond, M. Steele, S. G. Garcia, L. Zegarra, and R. Revollo. Diagnostic accuracy of a point-of-care syphilis test when used among pregnant women in Bolivia. Sex Transm Infect 82 Suppl 5:v17-v21, 2006.
Titapant V., B. Indrasukhsri, V. Lekprasert, and W. Boonnuch. Trihydroxyethylrutosides in the treatment of hemorrhoids of pregnancy: a double-blind placebo-controlled trial. J Med Assoc Thai 84 (10):1395-1400, 2001.
Torloni M. R., N. Vedmedovska, M. Merialdi, A. P. Betran, T. Allen, R. Gonzalez, and L. D. Platt. Safety of ultrasonography in pregnancy: WHO systematic review of the literature and meta-analysis. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 33 (5):599-608, 2009.
Tovey L. A., A. Townley, B. J. Stevenson, and J. Taverner. The Yorkshire antenatal anti-D immunoglobulin trial in primigravidae. Lancet 2 (8344):244-246, 1983.
Townsend J., D. Wolke, J. Hayes, S. Dave, C. Rogers, L. Bloomfield, E. Quist- Therson, M. Tomlin, and D. Messer. Routine examination of the newborn: the EMREN study. Evaluation of an extension of the midwife role including a randomised controlled trial of appropriately trained midwives and paediatric senior house officers. Health Technol Assess 8 (14):iii-iv, ix, 2004.
Trolle B. Prenatal Rh-immune prophylaxis with 300 micrograms immune globulin anti-D in the 28th week of pregnancy. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 68 (1):45-47, 1989.
Turner R. M., M. Lloyd-Jones, D. O. Anumba, G. C. Smith, D. J. Spiegelhalter, H. Squires, J. W. Stevens, M. J. Sweeting, S. J. Urbaniak, R. Webster, and S. G. Thompson. Routine antenatal anti-D prophylaxis in women who are Rh(D) negative: meta-analyses adjusted for differences in study design and quality. PLoS One 7 (2):e30711, 2012.
Tytgat G. N., R. C. Heading, S. Muller-Lissner, M. A. Kamm, J. Scholmerich, A. Berstad, M. Fried, S. Chaussade, D. Jewell, and A. Briggs. Contemporary understanding and management of reflux and constipation in the general population and pregnancy: a consensus meeting. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 18 (3):291-301, 2003.
Underwood BA. Methods for assessment of vitamin A status. J Nutr 120 Suppl 11:1459-63, 1990.
U. S. Preventive Services Task Force. Screening for Ultrasonography in Pregnancy, Topic Page. U.S. Preventive Services Task Force. Consultado online en www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/uspsuspg.htm [acceso el 3 de junio de 2012].
Update on use of tetanus toxoid, reduced diphtheria toxoid, and acellular pertussis (Tdap) vaccine in pregnant women. Atlanta, GA: US Department of Health and Human Services, CDC. Disponible en http://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/recs/ provisional/downloads/tdap-pregnant-oct-2012.pdf. Accedido en febrero de 2013.
Valkenburg-van den Berg A. W., R. L. Houtman-Roelofsen, P. M. Oostvogel, F. W. Dekker, P. J. Dorr, and A. J. Sprij. Timing of group B streptococcus screening in pregnancy: a systematic review. Gynecol Obstet Invest 69 (3):174-183, 2010.
Van den Berg I., J. L. Bosch, B. Jacobs, I. Bouman, J. J. Duvekot, and M. G. Hunink. Effectiveness of acupuncture-type interventions versus expectant management to correct breech presentation: a systematic review. Complement Ther Med 16 (2):92-100, 2008.
Van den Broek N., L. Dou, M. Othman, J. P. Neilson, S. Gates, and A. M. Gulmezoglu. Vitamin A supplementation during pregnancy for maternal and newborn outcomes. Cochrane Database Syst Rev (11):CD008666, 2010.
Van der Wijden C., J. Kleijnen, and T. Van den Berk. Lactational amenorrhea for family planning. Cochrane Database Syst Rev (4):CD001329, 2003.
Van Dyk B., J. A. Motto, and E. J. Buchmann. Routine second-trimester ultrasound for low risk pregnancies in a South African community. Int J Gynaecol Obstet 98 (3):257-258, 2007.
Van Rie A. and H. W. Hethcote. Adolescent and adult pertussis vaccination: computer simulations of five new strategies. Vaccine 22 (23-24):3154-3165, 2004.
Vega-Dienstmaier J. M., G. Mazzotti Suárez, and Sánchez M. Campos. Validación de una versión en español del Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale. Actas Esp Psiquiatr 30 (2):106-111, 2002.
Velasco I., M. Carreira, P. Santiago, J. A. Muela, E. Garcia-Fuentes, B. Sanchez- Munoz, M. J. Garriga, M. C. Gonzalez-Fernandez, A. Rodriguez, F. F. Caballero, A. Machado, S. Gonzalez-Romero, M. T. Anarte, and F. Soriguer. Effect of iodine prophylaxis during pregnancy on neurocognitive development of children during the first two years of life. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 94 (9):3234-3241, 2009.
Vennemann M. M., H. W. Hense, T. Bajanowski, P. S. Blair, C. Complojer, R. Y. Moon, and U. Kiechl-Kohlendorfer. Bed sharing and the risk of sudden infant death syndrome: can we resolve the debate? J Pediatr 160 (1):44-48, 2012.
Verani J. R., L. McGee, and S. J. Schrag. Prevention of perinatal group B streptococcal disease–revised guidelines from CDC, 2010. MMWR Recomm Rep 59 (RR-10):1-36, 2010.
Viegas O. A., P. H. Scott, T. J. Cole, H. N. Mansfield, P. Wharton, and B. A. Wharton. Dietary protein energy supplementation of pregnant Asian mothers at Sorrento, Birmingham. I: Unselective during second and third trimesters. Br Med J (Clin Res Ed) 285 (6342):589-592, 1982.
Viegas O. A., P. H. Scott, T. J. Cole, P. Eaton, P. G. Needham, and B. A. Wharton. Dietary protein energy supplementation of pregnant Asian mothers at Sorrento, Birmingham. II: Selective during third trimester only. Br Med J (Clin Res Ed) 285 (6342):592-595, 1982.
Villar J., H. Ba’aqeel, G. Piaggio, P. Lumbiganon, J. Miguel Belizan, U. Farnot, Y. Al- Mazrou, G. Carroli, A. Pinol, A. Donner, A. Langer, G. Nigenda, M. Mugford, J. Fox- Rushby, G. Hutton, P. Bergsjo, L. Bakketeig, H. Berendes, and J. Garcia. WHO antenatal care randomised trial for the evaluation of a new model of routine antenatal care. Lancet 357 (9268):1551-1564, 2001.
Vutyavanich T., T. Kraisarin, and R. Ruangsri. Ginger for nausea and vomiting in pregnancy: randomized, double-masked, placebo-controlled trial. Obstet Gynecol 97 (4):577-582, 2001.
Wald N. J., C. Rodeck, A. K. Hackshaw, J. Walters, L. Chitty, and A. M. Mackinson. First and second trimester antenatal screening for Down’s syndrome: the results of the Serum, Urine and Ultrasound Screening Study (SURUSS). J Med Screen 10 (2):56-104, 2003.
Waldenstrom U., S. Brown, H. McLachlan, D. Forster, and S. Brennecke. Does team midwife care increase satisfaction with antenatal, intrapartum, and postpartum care? A randomized controlled trial. Birth 27 (3):156-167, 2000.
Waldenstrom U.and G. Lindmark. Early and late discharge after hospital birth. A comparative study of parental background characteristics. Scand J Soc Med 15 (3):159-167, 1987.
Waldenstrom U.and G. Lindmark. Early and late discharge after hospital birth. A comparative study of parental background characteristics. Scand J Soc Med 15 (3):159-167, 1987.
Walker D. S. and D. Koniak-Griffin. Evaluation of a reduced-frequency prenatal visit schedule for low-risk women at a free-standing birthing center. J Nurse Midwifery 42 (4):295-303, 1997.
Waller B., J. Lambeck, and D. Daly. Therapeutic aquatic exercise in the treatment of low back pain: a systematic review. Clin Rehabil 23 (1):3-14, 2009.
Wapner R., E. Thom, J. L. Simpson, E. Pergament, R. Silver, K. Filkins, L. Platt, M. Mahoney, A. Johnson, W. A. Hogge, R. D. Wilson, P. Mohide, D. Hershey, D. Krantz, J. Zachary, R. Snijders, N. Greene, R. Sabbagha, S. MacGregor, L. Hill, A. Gagnon, T. Hallahan, and L. Jackson. First-trimester screening for trisomies 21 and 18. N Engl J Med 349 (15):1405-1413, 2003.
Watney P. J. and C. Atton. Dietary supplementation in pregnancy. Br Med J (Clin Res Ed) 293 (6554):1102, 1986.
Watson J. C., S. C. Hadler, C. A. Dykewicz, S. Reef, and L. Phillips. Measles, mumps, and rubella–vaccine use and strategies for elimination of measles, rubella, and congenital rubella syndrome and control of mumps: recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP). MMWR Recomm Rep 47 (RR-8):1-57, 1998.
Webster J., J. Linnane, J. Roberts, S. Starrenburg, J. Hinson, and L. Dibley. IDentify, Educate and Alert (IDEA) trial: an intervention to reduce postnatal depression. BJOG 110 (9):842-846, 2003.
Wedenberg K., B. Moen, and A. Norling. A prospective randomized study comparing acupuncture with physiotherapy for low-back and pelvic pain in pregnancy. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 79 (5):331-335, 2000.
Weerasekera D. S. and H. Peiris. The significance of serum uric acid, creatinine and urinary microprotein levels in predicting preeclampsia. J Obstet Gynaecol 23 (1):17- 19, 2003.
Wennerholm U. B., H. Hagberg, B. Brorsson, and C. Bergh. Induction of labor versus expectant management for post-date pregnancy: is there sufficient evidence for a change in clinical practice? Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 88 (1):6-17, 2009.
Werner E. F., C. S. Han, C. M. Pettker, C. S. Buhimschi, J. A. Copel, E. F. Funai, and S. F. Thung. Universal cervical-length screening to prevent preterm birth: a costeffectiveness analysis. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 38 (1):32-37, 2011.
Werntoft E. and A. K. Dykes. Effect of acupressure on nausea and vomiting during pregnancy. A randomized, placebo-controlled, pilot study. J Reprod Med 46 (9):835-839, 2001.
Whittle M. J., K. P. Hanretty, M. H. Primrose, and J. P. Neilson. Screening for the compromised fetus: a randomized trial of umbilical artery velocimetry in unselected pregnancies. Am J Obstet Gynecol 170 (2):555-559, 1994.
Wijayanegara H., J. C. Mose, L. Achmad, R. Sobarna, and W. Permadi. A clinical trial of hydroxyethylrutosides in the treatment of haemorrhoids of pregnancy. J Int Med Res 20 (1):54-60, 1992.
Wilcox C. B., N. Nassar, and C. L. Roberts. Effectiveness of nifedipine tocolysis to facilitate external cephalic version: a systematic review. BJOG 118 (4):423-428, 2011.
Willetts K. E., A. Ekangaki, and J. A. Eden. Effect of a ginger extract on pregnancyinduced nausea: a randomised controlled trial. Aust N Z J Obstet Gynaecol 43 (2):139-144, 2003.
Winterburn S. and R. Fraser. Does the duration of postnatal stay influence breastfeeding rates at one month in women giving birth for the first time? A randomized control trial. J Adv Nurs 32 (5):1152-1157, 2000.
Winterburn S. and R. Fraser. Does the duration of postnatal stay influence breastfeeding rates at one month in women giving birth for the first time? A randomized control trial. J Adv Nurs 32 (5):1152-1157, 2000.
Wolak T., R. Sergienko, A. Wiznitzer, E. Paran, and E. Sheiner. Creatinine level as a predictor of hypertensive disorders during pregnancy. Br J Biomed Sci 68 (3):112- 115, 2011.
Wolff S., J. Legarth, K. Vangsgaard, S. Toubro, and A. Astrup. A randomized trial of the effects of dietary counseling on gestational weight gain and glucose metabolism in obese pregnant women. Int J Obes (Lond) 32 (3):495-501, 2008.
Wolff T., C. T. Witkop, T. Miller, and S. B. Syed. Folic acid supplementation for the prevention of neural tube defects: an update of the evidence for the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force. Ann Intern Med 150 (9):632-639, 2009.
Wolff T., E. Shelton, C. Sessions, and T. Miller. Screening for syphilis infection in pregnant women: evidence for the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force reaffirmation recommendation statement. Ann Intern Med 150 (10):710-716, 2009.
World Health Organization (WHO). Indicators for assessing Vitamin A deficiency and their application in monitoring and evaluating intervention programmes. Geneva :WHO. Report No: WHO/NUT/96.10, 1996.
Wortley P. M., M. L. Lindegren, and P. L. Fleming. Successful implementation of perinatal HIV prevention guidelines. A multistate surveillance evaluation. MMWR Recomm Rep 50 (RR-6):17-28, 2001.
Wu T, Liu GJ, Li P, Clar C. Sal yodada para la prevención de los trastornos por deficiencia de yodo (Revisión Cochrane traducida). En: La Biblioteca Cochrane Plus, Número 2. Oxford: Update Software Ltd. Disponible en: http://www.updatesoftware. com. (Traducida de The Cochrane Library, 2008 Issue 2. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.), 2008.
Yakoob M. Y. and Z. A. Bhutta. Effect of routine iron supplementation with or without folic acid on anemia during pregnancy. BMC Public Health 11 Suppl 3:S21, 2011.
Yang K. Y. Abnormal pap smear and cervical cancer in pregnancy. Clin Obstet Gynecol 55 (3):838-848, 2012.
Yanover M. J., D. Jones, and M. D. Miller. Perinatal care of low-risk mothers and infants. Early discharge with home care. N Engl J Med 294 (13):702-705, 1976.
Yanover M. J., D. Jones, and M. D. Miller. Perinatal care of low-risk mothers and infants. Early discharge with home care. N Engl J Med 294 (13):702-705, 1976.
Yi Y, Lindemann M, Colligs A, and Snowball C. Economic burden of neural tube defects and impact of prevention with folic acid: a literature review. Eur J Pediatr 170 (11):1391-400, 2012.
Yip S. K., D. Sahota, M. W. Pang, and A. Chang. Postpartum urinary retention. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 83 (10):881-891, 2004.
Zhou S. J., R. A. Gibson, and M. Makrides. Routine iron supplementation in pregnancy has no effect on iron status of children at six months and four years of age. J Pediatr 151 (4):438-440, 2007.
Zupan J., P. Garner, and A. A. Omari. Topical umbilical cord care at birth. Cochrane Database Syst Rev (3):CD001057, 2004.