En
Bibliografía

1 Grupo de trabajo sobre GPC. Elaboración de guías de práctica clínica en el Sistema Nacional de Salud. Manual metodológico. Madrid: Plan Nacional para el SNS del MSC. Instituto Aragonés de Ciencias de la Salud – I+CS; 2007. Guías de práctica clínica en el SNS: I+CS, nº 2006/1.

2 Roig JV, Rodriguez-Carrillo R, Garcia-Armengol J, Villalba FL, Salvador A, Sancho C, et al. Rehabilitación mutimodal en cirugía colorrectal. Sobre la resistencia al cambio en cirugía y las demandas de la sociedad. Cir Esp. 2007;81(6):307-15.

3 Roig JV. Rehabilitación multimodal perioperatoria en cirugía colorrectal. Su utilización está más que justificada. Cir Esp. 2010;88(2):67-8.

4 Ruiz P, Alcalde J, Rodriguez E, Landa JI, Jaurrieta E. Proyecto nacional para la gestión clínica de procesos asistenciales.Tratamiento quirúrgico del cáncer colorrectal. I. Aspectos generales. Cir Esp. 2002;71(4):173-80.

5 Alcantara-Moral M, Serra-Aracil X, Gil-Egea MJ, Frasson M, Flor-Lorente B, Garcia-Granero E. Observational cross-sectional study of compliance with the fast track protocol in elective surgery for colon cancer in Spain. Int J Colorectal Dis. 2014;29(4):477-83.

6 Kehlet H. Multimodal approach to control postoperative pathophysiology and rehabilitation. Br J Anaesth. 1997;78(5):606-17.

7 Ramirez JM, Ocon J, Arroyo A. Nutrición, cirugía y programas de rehabilitación multimodal. Nutr Hosp. 2015 Jul 1;32(1):2-3.

8 Fearon KC, Ljungqvist O, Von MM, Revhaug A, Dejong CH, Lassen K, et al. Enhanced recovery after surgery: a consensus review of clinical care for patients undergoing colonic resection. Clin Nutr. 2005;24(3):466-77.

9 Gustafsson UO, Scott MJ, Schwenk W, Demartines N, Roulin D, Francis N, et al. Guidelines for perioperative care in elective colonic surgery: Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS®) Society recommendations. Clin Nutr. 2012;31(6):783-800.

10 Nygren J, Thacker J, Carli F, Fearon KC, Norderval S, Lobo DN, et al. Guidelines for perioperative care in elective rectal/pelvic surgery: Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS®) Society recommendations. Clin Nutr. 2012;31(6):801-16.

11 Cerantola Y, Valerio M, Persson B, Jichlinski P, Ljungqvist O, Hubner M, et al. Guidelines for perioperative care after radical cystectomy for bladder cancer: Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS®) society recommendations. Clin Nutr. 2013;32(6):879-87.

12 Mortensen K, Nilsson M, Slim K, Schafer M, Mariette C, Braga M, et al. Consensus guidelines for enhanced recovery after gastrectomy: Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS®) Society recommendations. Br J Surg. 2014;101(10):1209-29.

13 Lassen K, Coolsen MM, Slim K, Carli F, de Aguilar-Nascimento JE, Schafer M, et al. Guidelines for perioperative care for pancreaticoduodenectomy: Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS®) Society recommendations. Clin Nutr. 2012;31(6):817-30.

14 Nicholson A, Lowe MC, Parker J, Lewis SR, Alderson P, Smith AF. Systematic review and meta-analysis of enhanced recovery programmes in surgical patients. Br J Surg. 2014;101 (3):172-88.

15 de Groot JJ, Ament SM, Maessen JM, Dejong CH, Kleijnen JM, Slangen BF. Enhanced recovery pathways in abdominal gynecologic surgery: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand. 2015.

16 Zhuang CL, Ye XZ, Zhang XD, Chen BC, Yu Z. Enhanced recovery after surgery programs versus traditional care for colorectal surgery: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Dis Colon Rectum. 2013;56(5):667-78.

17 Lee L, Li C, Landry T, Latimer E, Carli F, Fried GM, et al. A systematic review of economic evaluations of enhanced recovery pathways for colorectal surgery. Ann Surg. 2014;259 (4):670-6.

18 Pedziwiatr M, Kisialeuski M, Wierdak M, Stanek M, Natkaniec M, Matlok M, et al. Early implementation of Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS®) protocol – Compliance improves outcomes: A prospective cohort study. Int J Surg. 2015;21:75-81.

19 Gustafsson UO, Hausel J, Thorell A, Ljungqvist O, Soop M, Nygren J. Adherence to the enhanced recovery after surgery protocol and outcomes after colorectal cancer surgery. Arch Surg. 2011;146(5):571-7.

20 Simpson JC, Moonesinghe SR, Grocott MP, Kuper M, McMeeking A, Oliver CM, et al. Enhanced recovery from surgery in the UK: an audit of the enhanced recovery partnership programme 2009-2012. Br J Anaesth. 2015;115(4):560-8.

21 Slim K, Kehlet H. Commentary: Fast track surgery: the need for improved study design. Colorectal Dis. 2012;14(8):1013-4.

22 Grupo Español de Rehabilitación Multimodal (GERM) [Internet]. Grupo Español de Rehabilitación Multimodal; 2014 [acceso 4 diciembre 2015]. Disponible en: http://www.ftsurgery. com/.

23 Calvo Vecino JM, del Valle Hernández E, Ramírez Rodríguez JM, Loinaz Segurola C, Martín Trapero C, Nogueiras Quintas C, et al; Grupo de trabajo de la Vía Clínica. Vía clínica de recuperación intensificada en cirugía abdominal (RICA) [Internet]. Ministerio de Sanidad, Servicios Sociales e Igualdad; Instituto Aragonés de Ciencias de la Salud; 2015 [acceso 4 diciembre 2015]. Disponible en: http://portal.guiasalud.es/contenidos/iframes/documentos/ opbe/2015-07/ViaClinica-RICA.pdf.

24 Spanjersberg WR, Reurings J, Keus F, van Laarhoven CJ. Fast track surgery versus conventional recovery strategies for colorectal surgery. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2011;(2): CD007635.

25 Miller TE, Thacker JK, White WD, Mantyh C, Migaly J, Jin J, et al. Reduced length of hospital stay in colorectal surgery after implementation of an enhanced recovery protocol. Anesth Analg. 2014;118(5):1052-61.

26 Vlug MS, Wind J, Hollmann MW, Ubbink DT, Cense HA, Engel AF, et al. Laparoscopy in combination with fast track multimodal management is the best perioperative strategy in patients undergoing colonic surgery: a randomized clinical trial (LAFA-study). Ann Surg. 2011;254(6):868-75.

27 Coolsen MM, van Dam RM, van der Wilt AA, Slim K, Lassen K, Dejong CH. Systematic review and meta-analysis of enhanced recovery after pancreatic surgery with particular emphasis on pancreaticoduodenectomies. World J Surg. 2013;37(8):1909-18.

28 Di RD, Mohammed A, Rawlinson A, Douglas-Moore J, Beatty J. Enhanced recovery protocols in urological surgery: a systematic review. Can J Urol. 2015;22(3):7817-23.

29 Arroyo A, Ramirez JM, Callejo D, Vinas X, Maeso S, Cabezali R, et al. Influence of size and complexity of the hospitals in an enhanced recovery programme for colorectal resection. Int J Colorectal Dis. 2012;27(12):1637-44.

30 Esteban F, Cerdan FJ, Garcia-Alonso M, Sanz-Lopez R, Arroyo A, Ramirez JM, et al. A multicentre comparison of a fast track or conventional postoperative protocol following laparoscopic or open elective surgery for colorectal cancer surgery. Colorectal Dis. 2014;16 (2):134-40.

31 Gumbau V, Garcia-Armengol J, Salvador-Martinez A, Ivorra P, Garcia-Coret MJ, Garcia- Rodriguez V, et al. Impacto del estoma derivativo en un protocolo de rehabilitación multimodal en cirugía de recto. Cir Esp. 2015;93(1):18-22.

32 Morales SR, Esteve PN, Tejada GS, Cuadrado GA, Rodriguez Pino JC, Moron Canis JM, et al. Resultados de la rehabilitación multimodal en la duodenopancreatectomía cefálica. Cir Esp. 2015;93(8):509-15.

33 Sanchez-Urdazpal GL, Salido FS, Alday ME, Gomez Martin-Tesorero L, Molina BB. Implantación de un programa ERAS en cirugía hepática. Nutr Hosp. 2015;31 Suppl 5:16-29.

34 Ramirez JM, Blasco JA, Roig JV, Maeso-Martinez S, Casal JE, Esteban F, et al. Enhanced recovery in colorectal surgery: a multicentre study. BMC Surg. 2011;11:9.

35 Wind J, Polle SW, Fung Kon Jin PH, Dejong CH, Von Meyenfeldt MF, Ubbink DT, et al. Systematic review of enhanced recovery programmes in colonic surgery. Br J Surg. 2006;93 (7):800-9.

36 Phatak UR, Li LT, Karanjawala B, Chang GJ, Kao LS. Systematic review of educational interventions for ostomates. Dis Colon Rectum. 2014;57(4):529-37.

37 Lim L, Chow P, Wong CY, Chung A, Chan YH, Wong WK, et al. Doctor-patient communication, knowledge, and question prompt lists in reducing preoperative anxiety: a randomized control study. Asian J Surg. 2011;34(4):175-80.

38 Angioli R, Plotti F, Capriglione S, Aloisi A, Aloisi ME, Luvero D, et al. The effects of giving patients verbal or written pre-operative information in gynecologic oncology surgery: A randomized study and the medical-legal point of view. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol. 2014; 177:67-71.

39 Garrud P, Wood M, Stainsby L. Impact of risk information in a patient education leaflet. Patient Educ Couns. 2001;43(3):301-4.

40 Ihedioha U, Vaughan S, Lloyd G, Mastermann J, Singh B, Chaudhri S. Randomised trail of video versus traditional printed patient education for elective colorectal surgery. Colorectal Dis. 2012;14:20.

41 Weins LC, Thiel JA, Karreman E. A comparison of two methods of preoperative patient education and their effects on anxiety: A randomized controlled trial. J Minimally Invasive Gynecol. 2012;19(6):S87-S88.

42 Ihedioha U, Vaughan S, Mastermann J, Singh B, Chaudhri S. Patient education videos for elective colorectal surgery: Results of a randomized controlled trial. Colorectal Dis. 2013;15 (11):1436-41.

43 Huber J, Ihrig A, Yass M, Pritsch M, Konyango B, Lozankovski N, et al. Improving the preoperative consultation before radical prostatectomy using multimedia support: A randomized controlled trial. Urology. 2011;78(3):S314.

44 Huber J, Ihrig A, Yass M, Bruckner T, Peters T, Huber CG, et al. Multimedia support for improving preoperative patient education: a randomized controlled trial using the example of radical prostatectomy. Ann Surg Oncol. 2013;20(1):15-23.

45 Alvarez-Hernandez J, Planas VM, Leon-Sanz M, Garcia de LA, Celaya-Perez S, Garcia- Lorda P, et al. Prevalence and costs of malnutrition in hospitalized patients; the PREDyCES Study. Nutr Hosp. 2012;27(4):1049-59.

46 Jie B, Jiang ZM, Nolan MT, Zhu SN, Yu K, Kondrup J. Impact of preoperative nutritional support on clinical outcome in abdominal surgical patients at nutritional risk. Nutrition. 2012;28(10):1022-7.

47 Cerantola Y, Valerio M, Hubner M, Iglesias K, Vaucher L, Jichlinski P. Are patients at nutritional risk more prone to complications after major urological surgery? J Urol. 2013;190 (6):2126-32.

48 Lunardi AC, Miranda CS, Silva KM, Cecconello I, Carvalho CR. Weakness of expiratory muscles and pulmonary complications in malnourished patients undergoing upper abdominal surgery. Respirology. 2012;17(1):108-13.

49 Morgan TM, Tang D, Stratton KL, Barocas DA, Anderson CB, Gregg JR, et al. Preoperative nutritional status is an important predictor of survival in patients undergoing surgery for renal cell carcinoma. Eur Urol. 2011;59(6):923-8.

50 Merli M, Giusto M, Gentili F, Novelli G, Ferretti G, Riggio O, et al. Nutritional status: its influence on the outcome of patients undergoing liver transplantation. Liver Int. 2010;30 (2): 208-14.

51 Schnelldorfer T, Adams DB. The effect of malnutrition on morbidity after Surgery for chronic pancreatitis. Am Surg. 2005;71(6):466-72.

52 Kwag SJ, Kim JG, Kang WK, Lee JK, Oh ST. The nutritional risk is a independent factor for postoperative morbidity in surgery for colorectal cancer. Ann Surg Treat Res. 2014;86 (4):206-11.

53 Kathiresan AS, Brookfield KF, Schuman SI, Lucci JA, III. Malnutrition as a predictor of poor postoperative outcomes in gynecologic cancer patients. Arch Gynecol Obstet. 2011;284 (2):445-51.

54 Guo W, Ou G, Li X, Huang J, Liu J, Wei H. Screening of the nutritional risk of patients with gastric carcinoma before operation by NRS 2002 and its relationship with postoperative results. J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2010;25(4):800-3.

55 Kaido T, Mori A, Oike F, Mizumoto M, Ogura Y, Hata K, et al. Impact of pretransplant nutritional status in patients undergoing liver transplantation. Hepatogastroenterology. 2010;57(104):1489-92.

56 Pacelli F, Bossola M, Rosa F, Tortorelli AP, Papa V, Doglietto GB. Is malnutrition still a risk factor of postoperative complications in gastric cancer surgery? Clin Nutr. 2008;27(3): 398-407.

57 Sierzega M, Niekowal B, Kulig J, Popiela T. Nutritional status affects the rate of pancreatic fistula after distal pancreatectomy: a multivariate analysis of 132 patients. J Am Coll Surg. 2007;205(1):52-9.

58 Nozoe T, Kimura Y, Ishida M, Saeki H, Korenaga D, Sugimachi K. Correlation of pre-operative nutritional condition with post-operative complications in surgical treatment for oesophageal carcinoma. Eur J Surg Oncol. 2002;28(4):396-400.

59 De la TM, Ziparo V, Nigri G, Cavallini M, Balducci G, Ramacciato G. Malnutrition and pancreatic surgery: prevalence and outcomes. J Surg Oncol. 2013;107(7):702-8.

70 Kain ZN, Mayes LC, Bell C, Weisman S, Hofstadter MB, Rimar S. Premedication in the United States: a status report. Anesth Analg. 1997;84(2):427-32.

71 Hannemann P, Lassen K, Hausel J, Nimmo S, Ljungqvist O, Nygren J, et al. Patterns in current anaesthesiological peri-operative practice for colonic resections: a survey in five northern- European countries. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand. 2006;50(9):1152-60.

72 Maurice-Szamburski A, Auquier P, Viarre-Oreal V, Cuvillon P, Carles M, Ripart J, et al. Effect of sedative premedication on patient experience after general anesthesia: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA. 2015;313(9):916-25.

73 Beydon L, Rouxel A, Camut N, Schinkel N, Malinovsky JM, Aveline C, et al. Sedative premedication before surgery–A multicentre randomized study versus placebo. Anaesth Crit Care Pain Med. 2015;34(3):165-71.

74 Tan SJ, Zhou F, Yui WK, Chen QY, Lin ZL, Hu RY, et al. Fast track programmes vs. traditional care in laparoscopic colorectal surgery: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Hepatogastroenterology. 2014;61(129):79-84.

75 Larson DW, Batdorf NJ, Touzios JG, Cima RR, Chua HK, Pemberton JH, et al. A fast-track recovery protocol improves outcomes in elective laparoscopic colectomy for diverticulitis. J Am Coll Surg. 2010;211(4):485-9.

76 Chen ZX, Liu AH, Cen Y. Fast-track program vs traditional care in surgery for gastric cancer. World J Gastroenterol. 2014;20(2):578-83.

77 Feng F, Li XH, Shi H, Wu GS, Zhang HW, Liu XN, et al. Fast-track surgery combined with laparoscopy could improve postoperative recovery of low-risk rectal cancer patients: a randomized controlled clinical trial. J Dig Dis. 2014;15(6):306-13.

78 Mari GM, Costanzi A, Maggioni D, Origi M, Ferrari GC, De MP, et al. Fast-track versus standard care in laparoscopic high anterior resection: a prospective randomized-controlled trial. Surg Laparosc Endosc Percutan Tech. 2014;24(2):118-21.

79 van Bree SH, Vlug MS, Bemelman WA, Hollmann MW, Ubbink DT, Zwinderman AH, et al. Faster recovery of gastrointestinal transit after laparoscopy and fast-track care in patients undergoing colonic surgery. Gastroenterology. 2011;141(3):872-80.

80 Lemanu DP, Singh PP, Berridge K, Burr M, Birch C, Babor R, et al. Randomized clinical trial of enhanced recovery versus standard care after laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy. Br J Surg. 2013;100(4):482-9.

81 Wang Q, Suo J, Jiang J, Wang C, Zhao YQ, Cao X. Effectiveness of fast-track rehabilitation vs conventional care in laparoscopic colorectal resection for elderly patients: a randomized trial. Colorectal Dis. 2012;14(8):1009-13.

82 Wang G, Jiang ZW, Zhao K, Gao Y, Liu FT, Pan HF, et al. Fast track rehabilitation programme enhances functional recovery after laparoscopic colonic resection. Hepatogastroenterology. 2012;59(119):2158-63.

83 Lee TG, Kang SB, Kim DW, Hong S, Heo SC, Park KJ. Comparison of early mobilization and diet rehabilitation program with conventional care after laparoscopic colon surgery: a prospective randomized controlled trial. Dis Colon Rectum. 2011;54(1):21-8.

84 Chen HJ, Xin JL, Cai L, Tao ZH, Yuan HS, Bing CH, et al. Preliminary experience of fasttrack surgery combined with laparoscopy-assisted radical distal gastrectomy for gastric cancer. J Gastrointest Surg. 2012;16(10):1830-9.

85 Kim JW, Kim WS, Cheong JH, Hyung WJ, Choi SH, Noh SH. Safety and efficacy of fasttrack surgery in laparoscopic distal gastrectomy for gastric cancer: a randomized clinical trial. World J Surg. 2012;36(12):2879-87.

86 Li P, Fang F, Cai JX, Tang D, Li QG, Wang DR. Fast-track rehabilitation vs conventional care in laparoscopic colorectal resection for colorectal malignancy: a meta-analysis. World J Gastroenterol. 2013;19(47):9119-26.

87 Zhao JH, Sun JX, Gao P, Chen XW, Song YX, Huang XZ, et al. Fast-track surgery versus traditional perioperative care in laparoscopic colorectal cancer surgery: a meta-analysis. BMC Cancer. 2014;14:607.

88 Brandstrup B, Tonnesen H, Beier-Holgersen R, Hjortso E, Ording H, Lindorff-Larsen K, et al. Effects of intravenous fluid restriction on postoperative complications: comparison of two perioperative fluid regimens: a randomized assessor-blinded multicenter trial. Ann Surg. 2003;238(5):641-8.

89 Lobo DN, Bostock KA, Neal KR, Perkins AC, Rowlands BJ, Allison SP. Effect of salt and water balance on recovery of gastrointestinal function after elective colonic resection: a randomised controlled trial. Lancet. 2002;359(9320):1812-8.

90 Abraham-Nordling M, Hjern F, Pollack J, Prytz M, Borg T, Kressner U. Randomized clinical trial of fluid restriction in colorectal surgery. Br J Surg. 2012;99(2):186-91.

91 Rahbari NN, Zimmermann JB, Schmidt T, Koch M, Weigand MA, Weitz J. Meta-analysis of standard, restrictive and supplemental fluid administration in colorectal surgery. Br J Surg. 2009;96(4):331-41.

92 Varadhan KK, Lobo DN. A meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials of intravenous fluid therapy in major elective open abdominal surgery: getting the balance right. Proc Nutr Soc. 2010;69(4):488-98.

93 Noblett SE, Snowden CP, Shenton BK, Horgan AF. Randomized clinical trial assessing the effect of Doppler-optimized fluid management on outcome after elective colorectal resection. Br J Surg. 2006;93(9):1069-76.

94 Boland MR, Noorani A, Varty K, Coffey JC, Agha R, Walsh SR. Perioperative fluid restriction in major abdominal surgery: systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized, clinical trials. World J Surg. 2013;37(6):1193-202.

95 Dindo D, Demartines N, Clavien PA. Classification of surgical complications: a new proposal with evaluation in a cohort of 6336 patients and results of a survey. Ann Surg. 2004; 240(2):205-13.

96 Srinivasa S, Taylor MH, Singh PP, Yu TC, Soop M, Hill AG. Randomized clinical trial of goal-directed fluid therapy within an enhanced recovery protocol for elective colectomy. Br J Surg. 2013;100(1):66-74.

97 Brandstrup B, Svendsen PE, Rasmussen M, Belhage B, Rodt SA, Hansen B, et al. Which goal for fluid therapy during colorectal surgery is followed by the best outcome: near-maximal stroke volume or zero fluid balance? Br J Anaesth. 2012;109(2):191-9.

98 Srinivasa S, Lemanu DP, Singh PP, Taylor MH, Hill AG. Systematic review and meta-analysis of oesophageal Doppler-guided fluid management in colorectal surgery. Br J Surg. 2013;100(13):1701-8.

99 Phan TD, D’Souza B, Rattray MJ, Johnston MJ, Cowie BS. A randomised controlled trial of fluid restriction compared to oesophageal Doppler-guided goal-directed fluid therapy in elective major colorectal surgery within an Enhanced Recovery After Surgery program. Anaesth Intensive Care. 2014;42(6):752-60.

100 Zhang J, Qiao H, He Z, Wang Y, Che X, Liang W. Intraoperative fluid management in open gastrointestinal surgery: goal-directed versus restrictive. Clinics (Sao Paulo). 2012;67 (10):1149-55.

101 Myburgh JA, Finfer S, Bellomo R, Billot L, Cass A, Gattas D, et al. Hydroxyethyl starch or saline for fluid resuscitation in intensive care. N Engl J Med. 2012;367(20):1901-11.

102 Perner A, Haase N, Guttormsen AB, Tenhunen J, Klemenzson G, Aneman A, et al. Hydroxyethyl starch 130/0.42 versus Ringer’s acetate in severe sepsis. N Engl J Med. 2012;367 (2):124-34.

103 European Medicines Agency. Hydroxyethyl-starch solutions (HES) should no longer be used in patients with sepsis or burn injuries or in critically ill patients. Londres: EMA; 2013. Report No.: EMA/809470/2013.

104 Ripolles J, Espinosa A, Casans R, Tirado A, Abad A, Fernandez C, et al. Colloids versus crystalloids in objective-guided fluid therapy, systematic review and meta-analysis. Too early or too late to draw conclusions. Braz J Anesthesiol. 2015;65(4):281-91.

105 Fustran GN, Dalmau LA, Sabate PA. Analgesia postoperatoria mediante infusión continua de anestésico local en la incisión quirúrgica tras cirugía abdominal. Revisión sistemática de la bibliografía. Rev Esp Anestesiol Reanim. 2011;58(6):337-44.

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107 Charlton S, Cyna AM, Middleton P, Griffiths JD. Perioperative transversus abdominis plane (TAP) blocks for analgesia after abdominal surgery. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2010;(12):CD007705.

108 Ripollés Melchor J, Marmaña S, Abad A, Calvo JM. Eficacia analgésica del bloqueo del plano transverso del abdomen ecoguiado-revisión sistemática. Rev Bras Anestesiol. 2015;65(4):255- 208.

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110 De OG, Jr., Castro-Alves LJ, Nader A, Kendall MC, McCarthy RJ. Transversus abdominis plane block to ameliorate postoperative pain outcomes after laparoscopic surgery: a metaanalysis of randomized controlled trials. Anesth Analg. 2014;118(2):454-63.

111 Joshi GP, Bonnet F, Kehlet H. Evidence-based postoperative pain management after laparoscopic colorectal surgery. Colorectal Dis. 2013;15(2):146-55.

112 Niraj G, Kelkar A, Jeyapalan I, Graff-Baker P, Williams O, Darbar A, et al. Comparison of analgesic efficacy of subcostal transversus abdominis plane blocks with epidural analgesia following upper abdominal surgery. Anaesthesia. 2011;66(6):465-71.

113 Wu Y, Liu F, Tang H, Wang Q, Chen L, Wu H, et al. The analgesic efficacy of subcostal transversus abdominis plane block compared with thoracic epidural analgesia and intravenous opioid analgesia after radical gastrectomy. Anesth Analg. 2013;117(2):507-13.

114 Rao K, V, Van Wijk RM, Moran JI, Miller D. Epidural versus continuous transversus abdominis plane catheter technique for postoperative analgesia after abdominal surgery. Anaesth Intensive Care. 2013;41(4):476-81.

115 Villalba FF, Bruna EM, Garcia Coret MJ, Garcia RJ, Roig Vila JV. Evidencia de la alimentación enteral precoz en la cirugía colorrectal. Rev Esp Enferm Dig. 2007;99(12):709-13.

116 Osland E, Yunus RM, Khan S, Memon MA. Early versus traditional postoperative feeding in patients undergoing resectional gastrointestinal surgery: a meta-analysis. JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr. 2011;35(4):473-87.

117 Kehlet H, Williamson R, Buchler MW, Beart RW. A survey of perceptions and attitudes among European surgeons towards the clinical impact and management of postoperative ileus. Colorectal Dis. 2005;7(3):245-50.

118 Minig L, Biffi R, Zanagnolo V, Attanasio A, Beltrami C, Bocciolone L, et al. Early oral versus «traditional» postoperative feeding in gynecologic oncology patients undergoing intestinal resection: a randomized controlled trial. Ann Surg Oncol. 2009;16(6):1660-8.

119 Charoenkwan K, Matovinovic E. Early versus delayed oral fluids and food for reducing complications after major abdominal gynaecologic surgery. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2014;12:CD004508.

120 Zhuang CL, Ye XZ, Zhang CJ, Dong QT, Chen BC, Yu Z. Early versus traditional postoperative oral feeding in patients undergoing elective colorectal surgery: a meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials. Dig Surg. 2013;30(3):225-32.

121 Pragatheeswarane M, Muthukumarassamy R, Kadambari D, Kate V. Early oral feeding vs. traditional feeding in patients undergoing elective open bowel surgery-a randomized controlled trial. J Gastrointest Surg. 2014;18(5):1017-23.

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124 Andersen HK, Lewis SJ, Thomas S. Early enteral nutrition within 24h of colorectal surgery versus later commencement of feeding for postoperative complications. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2006;(4):CD004080.

125 Lewis SJ, Andersen HK, Thomas S. Early enteral nutrition within 24 h of intestinal surgery versus later commencement of feeding: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Gastrointest Surg. 2009;13(3):569-75.

126 Lassen K, Soop M, Nygren J, Cox PB, Hendry PO, Spies C, et al. Consensus review of optimal perioperative care in colorectal surgery: Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) Group recommendations. Arch Surg. 2009;144(10):961-9.

127 Silva YR, Li SK, Rickard MJ. Does the addition of deep breathing exercises to physiotherapy- directed early mobilisation alter patient outcomes following high-risk open upper abdominal surgery? Cluster randomised controlled trial. Physiotherapy. 2013;99(3):187-93.

128 Haines KJ, Skinner EH, Berney S. Association of postoperative pulmonary complications with delayed mobilisation following major abdominal surgery: an observational cohort study. Physiotherapy. 2013;99(2):119-25.

129 Harper CM, Lyles YM. Physiology and complications of bed rest. J Am Geriatr Soc. 1988;36(11):1047-54.

130 Archer S, Montague J, Bali A. Exploring the experience of an enhanced recovery programme for gynaecological cancer patients: a qualitative study. Perioper Med (Lond). 2014;3(1):2.

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