Rahier JF, Magro F, Abreu C, et al. Second European evidence-based consensus on the prevention,diagnosis and management of opportunistic infections in inflammatory bowel disease. J Crohns Colitis. 2014;8(6):443-468. doi:10.1016/j.crohns.2013.12.013.
Farraye FA, Melmed GY, Lichtenstein GR, Kane SV. ACG Clinical Guideline: Preventive Care in Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Am J Gastroenterol. 2017;112(2):241-258.
Farraye FA, Melmed GY, Lichtenstein GR, et al. ACG Clinical Guideline Update: Preventive Care in Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Am J Gastroenterol. 2025;120(7):1447-1473. doi:10.14309/ajg.0000000000003541
Olivera PA, Lasa JS, Zubiaurre I, et al. Opportunistic infections in patients with inflammatory bowel disease treated with advanced therapies: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. J Crohns Colitis. 2023;17(2):199-210. doi:10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjac133.
Egan LJ. Risk factors for opportunistic infections in patients with inflammatory bowel disease. Gastroenterology. 2008;134(4):929-936. doi:10.1053/j.gastro.2008.01.012.
Keane J, Gershon S, Wise RP, et al. Tuberculosis associated with infliximab, a tumor necrosis factor neutralizing agent. N Engl J Med. 2001;345(15):1098-1104. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa011110.
Toruner M, Loftus EV Jr, Harmsen WS, et al. Risk factors for opportunistic infections in patients with inflammatory bowel disease. Gut. 2008;57(4):549-555.
Inflammatory Bowel Disease Group of the Chinese Society of Gastroenterology. Evidence-based consensus on opportunistic infections in inflammatory bowel disease. Intest Res. 2018;16(2):178-193.
