Sociedad Española de Medicina Preventiva; Salud Pública y Gestión Sanitaria (SEMPSPGS) archivos

Se recomienda no pautar precauciones de transmisión por contacto en pacientes adultos colonizados o infectados por enterobacterias productoras de beta-lactamasas de espectro extendido (E-BLEE) en unidades de hospitalización convencional de adultos en ausencia de brote

Año: 2026
Sociedad Científica: Sociedad Española de Medicina Preventiva; Salud Pública y Gestión Sanitaria (SEMPSPGS)

Áreas Clínicas: Preventiva
Áreas Temáticas: Control de infecciones

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Bibliografía

Hagiya H, Otsuka F. Increased evidence for no benefit of contact precautions in preventing extended-spectrum β-lactamases-producing Enterobacteriaceae: Systematic scoping review. Am J Infect Control. 2023;51(9):1056-62. doi: 10.1016/j.ajic.2023.01.018. PMID: 36736903.

Thompson P, Teter J, Atrubin K. Incidence of health care-associated extended-spectrum β-lactamase-positive patients before and after discontinuation of contact precautions. Am J Infect Control. 2020;48(1):52-5. doi: 10.1016/j.ajic.2019.06.016. PMID: 31358415.

Maechler F, Schwab F, Hansen S, Fankhauser C, Harbarth S, Huttner BD, Diaz-Agero C, Lopez N, Canton R, Ruiz-Garbajosa P, Blok H, Bonten MJ, Kloosterman F, Schotsman J, Cooper BS, Behnke M, Golembus J, Kola A, Gastmeier P; R-GNOSIS WP5 study group. Contact isolation versus standard precautions to decrease acquisition of extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing Enterobacterales in non-critical care wards: a cluster-randomised crossover trial. Lancet Infect Dis. 2020;20(5):575-84. doi: 10.1016/S1473-3099(19)30626-7. PMID: 32087113.

Gottlieb LB, Walits E, Patel G, Schaefer S. Taking off the gown: Impact of discontinuing contact precautions for extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing organisms. Antimicrob Steward Healthc Epidemiol. 2021;1(1):e31. doi: 10.1017/ash.2021.189. PMID: 36168477; PMCID: PMC9495408.

Kluytmans-van den Bergh MFQ, Bruijning-Verhagen PCJ, Vandenbroucke-Grauls CMJE, de Brauwer EIGB, Buiting AGM, Diederen BM, van Elzakker EPM, Friedrich AW, Hopman J, Al Naiemi N, Rossen JWA, Ruijs GJHM, Savelkoul PHM, Verhulst C, Vos MC, Voss A, Bonten MJM, Kluytmans JAJW; SoM Study Group. Contact precautions in single-bed or multiple-bed rooms for patients with extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae in Dutch hospitals: a cluster-randomised, crossover, non-inferiority study. Lancet Infect Dis. 2019;19(10):1069-79. doi: 10.1016/S1473-3099(19)30262-2. PMID: 31451419.

Souverein D, Euser SM, Herpers BL, Hattink C, Houtman P, Popma A, Kluytmans J, Rossen JWA, Den Boer JW. No nosocomial transmission under standard hygiene precautions in short term contact patients in case of an unexpected ESBL or Q&A E. coli positive patient: a one-year prospective cohort study within three regional hospitals. Antimicrob Resist Infect Control. 2017;6:69. doi: 10.1186/s13756-017-0228-6. PMID: 28670449; PMCID: PMC5485576.

Tschudin-Sutter S, Lucet JC, Mutters NT, Tacconelli E, Zahar JR, Harbarth S. Contact Precautions for Preventing Nosocomial Transmission of Extended-Spectrum β Lactamase-Producing Escherichia coli: A Point/Counterpoint Review. Clin Infect Dis. 2017;65(2):342-7. doi: 10.1093/cid/cix258. PMID: 28379311.

Tschudin-Sutter S, Frei R, Schwahn F, Tomic M, Conzelmann M, Stranden A, Widmer AF. Prospective Validation of Cessation of Contact Precautions for Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamase-Producing Escherichia coli(1). Emerg Infect Dis. 2016 Jun;22(6):1094-7. doi: 10.3201/eid2206.150554. PMID: 27191171; PMCID: PMC4880108.

Metan G, Metin BC, Baştuğ Z, Tekin İ, Aytaç H, Çınar B, Zengin H, Ünal S. Cessation of Contact Precautions for Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamase (ESBL)-Producing Escherichia coli Seems to be Safe in a Nonepidemic Setting. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol. 2017;38(11):1379-81. doi: 10.1017/ice.2017.198. Epub 2017 Sep 20. PMID: 28927480.

Zahar JR, Poirel L, Dupont C, Fortineau N, Nassif X, Nordmann P. About the usefulness of contact precautions for carriers of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli. BMC Infect Dis. 2015;15:512. doi: 10.1186/s12879-015-1244-x. PMID: 26563141; PMCID: PMC4642679.

Bellini C, Eder M, Senn L, Sommerstein R, Vuichard-Gysin D, Schmiedel Y, Schlegel M, Harbarth S, Troillet N. Providing care to patients in contact isolation: is the systematic use of gloves still indicated? Swiss Med Wkly. 2022;152:w30110. doi: 10.4414/smw.2022.w30110. PMID: 35147391.

No recomendar profilaxis posexposición frente al VIH en situaciones en las que el riesgo de transmisión del virus sea insignificante: caso fuente sin VIH, exposición sexual a caso fuente con carga viral indetectable, exposición a fluidos que no suponen un riesgo (lágrimas, saliva, orina, sudor, esputo, heces, vómito o secreciones nasales, sin sangre visible), contacto de fluidos infectantes sobre piel intacta, mordeduras sin solución de continuidad, arañazo superficial con objetos afilados (incluidas las agujas abandonadas en la calle).

Año: 2025
Sociedad Científica: Sociedad Española de Medicina Preventiva; Salud Pública y Gestión Sanitaria (SEMPSPGS)

Áreas Clínicas: Infecciosas
Áreas Temáticas: Profilaxis farmacológica

Compartir

https://portal.guiasalud.es/wp-content/uploads/2025/12/rnh_82_200.pdf

Bibliografía

Guidelines for HIV post-exposure prophylaxis [Internet]. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2024. PMID: 39259822.

Cowan E, Kerr CA, Fernandez A, Robinson LG, Fayorsey R, Vail RM, Shah SS, Fine SM, McGowan JP, Merrick ST, Radix AE, Monroe AK, Rodrigues J, Hoffmann CJ, Norton BL, Gonzalez CJ. PEP to Prevent HIV Infection [Internet]. Baltimore (MD): Johns Hopkins University; 2024 Oct. PMID: 33026756.

Broyles LN, Luo R, Boeras D, Vojnov L. The risk of sexual transmission of HIV in individuals with low-level HIV viraemia: a systematic review. Lancet. 2023 Aug 5;402(10400):464-471. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(23)00877-2.

Cresswell F, Asanati K, Bhagani S, Boffito M, Delpech V, Ellis J, Fox J, Furness L, Kingston M, Mansouri M, Samarawickrama A, Smithson K, Sparrowhawk A, Rafferty P, Roper T, Waters L, Rodger A, Gupta N. UK guideline for the use of HIV post-exposure prophylaxis 2021. HIV Med. 2022 May;23(5):494-545. doi:
10.1111/hiv.13208. Epub 2022 Feb 14. Erratum in: HIV Med. 2022 Jul;23(6):701. doi: 10.1111/hiv.13327.

Bamford A, Tudor-Williams G, Foster C. Post-exposure prophylaxis guidelines for children and adolescents potentially exposed to HIV. Arch Dis Child. 2017 Jan;102(1):78-83. doi: 10.1136/archdischild-2015-309297.

Libois A, Florence E, Derdelinckx I, Yombi JC, Henrard S, Uurlings F, Vandecasteele S, Allard SD, Demeester R, Van Wanzeele F, Ausselet N, De Wit S. Belgian guidelines for non-occupational HIV post-exposure prophylaxis 2017. Acta Clin Belg. 2018 Aug;73(4):275-280. doi: 10.1080/17843286.2018.1428506.

Nwaiwu CA, Egro FM, Smith S, Harper JD, Spiess AM. Seroconversion rate among health care workers exposed to HIV-contaminated body fluids: The University of Pittsburgh 13-year experience. Am J Infect Control. 2017 Aug 1;45(8):896-900. doi: 10.1016/j.ajic.2017.03.012.

Webster DP. Is HIV post-exposure prophylaxis required following occupational exposure to a source patient who is virologically suppressed on antiretroviral therapy? HIV Med. 2015 Feb;16(2):73-5. doi: 10.1111/hiv.12187.

Young TN, Arens FJ, Kennedy GE, Laurie JW, Rutherford Gw. Antiretroviral post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) for occupational HIV exposure. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2007 Jan 24;2007(1):CD002835. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD002835.pub3.