(1) World Health Organization. Glaucoma is second leading cause of blindness globally. Bulletin of the World Health Organization [Internet]. 2004 [citado el 25/02/2015]; 82(11):[811-90 pp.]. Disponible en: http://www.who.int/bulletin/volumes/82/11/feature1104/ en/.
(2) Quigley HA, Broman AT. The number of people with glaucoma worldwide in 2010 and 2020. Br J Ophthalmol. 2006;90(3):262-7.
(3) European Glaucoma Society. Terminología y pautas para el glaucoma.2008 [citado el 25/02/2015]. Disponible en: http://www.eugs.org/eng/EGS_guidelines.asp.
(4) Grupo de trabajo sobre GPC. Elaboración de Guías de Práctica Clínica en el Sistema Nacional de Salud. Manual Metodológico. Madrid: Plan Nacional para el SNS del MSC. Instituto Aragonés de Ciencias de la Salud-I+CS; 2007. Guías de Práctica Clínica en el SNS: I+CS Nº 2006/0I.
(5)Weih LM, Nanjan M, McCarty CA, Taylor HR. Prevalence and predictors of openangle glaucoma: results from the visual impairment project. Ophthalmology. 2001;108(11):1966-72.
(6) World Health Organization. Mortality and Burden of Disease estimates for who member states in 2002. 2002 [citado el 25/02/2015]. Disponible en: http://www.who.int/entity/healthinfo/statistics/bodgbddeathdalyestimates.xls.
(7) Quigley HA. Number of people with glaucoma worldwide. Br J Ophthalmol. 1996;80(5):389-93.
(8) Antón A, Andrada MT, Mujica V, Calle MA, Portela J, Mayo A. Prevalence of primary open-angle glaucoma in a Spanish population: the Segovia study. J Glaucoma. 2004;13(5):371-6.
(9) Jaen Díaz J, Sanz Alcolea I, López De Castro F, Pérez Martínez T, Ortega Campos P, Corral Morales R. Glaucoma and ocular hypertension in primary care. Aten Primaria. 2001;28(1):23-30.
(10) Gordon MO, Beiser JA, Brandt JD, Heuer DK, Higginbotham EJ, Johnson CA, et al. The Ocular Hypertension Treatment Study: baseline factors that predict the onset of primary open-angle glaucoma. Arch Ophthalmol. 2002;120(6):714-20; discussion 829-30.
(11) Landers J, Goldberg I, Graham SL. Analysis of risk factors that may be associated with progression from ocular hypertension to primary open angle glaucoma. Clin Experiment Ophthalmol. 2002;30(4):242-7.
(12) Varma R, Ying-Lai M, Francis BA, Nguyen BB, Deneen J, Wilson MR, et al. Prevalence of open-angle glaucoma and ocular hypertension in Latinos: the Los Angeles Latino Eye Study. Ophthalmology. 2004;111(8):1439-48.
(13) Sommer A. Glaucoma risk factors observed in the Baltimore Eye Survey. Curr Opin Ophthalmol. 1996;7(2):93-8.
(14) Nemesure B, He Q, Mendell N, Wu SY, Hejtmancik JF, Hennis A, et al. Inheritance of open-angle glaucoma in the Barbados family study. Am J Med Genet. 2001;103(1):36-43.
(15) Burr JM, Mowatt G, Hernandez R, Siddiqui MA, Cook J, Lourenco T, et al. The clinical effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of screening for open angle glaucoma: a systematic review and economic evaluation. Health Technol Assess. 2007;11(41):iii-iv, ix-x, 1-190.
(16) Anderson DR. Glaucoma, capillaries and pericytes. 1. Blood flow regulation. Ophthalmologica. 1996;210(5):257-62.
(17) Anderson DR. Introductory comments on blood flow autoregulation in the optic nerve head and vascular risk factors in glaucoma. Surv Ophthalmol. 1999;43 Suppl 1:S5-9.
(18) Anderson DR. Glaucoma: the damage caused by pressure. XLVI Edward Jackson memorial lecture. Am J Ophthalmol. 1989;108(5):485-95.
(19) Miller KM, Quigley HA. The clinical appearance of the lamina cribrosa as a function of the extent of glaucomatous optic nerve damage. Ophthalmology. 1988;95(1):135-8.
(20) Quigley HA, Addicks EM. Regional differences in the structure of the lamina cribrosa and their relation to glaucomatous optic nerve damage. Arch Ophthalmol. 1981;99(1):137-43.
(21) van Koolwijk LM, Ramdas WD, Ikram MK, Jansonius NM, Pasutto F, Hysi PG, et al. Common genetic determinants of intraocular pressure and primary open-angle glaucoma. PLoS Genet. 2012;8(5):e1002611.
(22) Mozaffarieh M, Flammer J. New insights in the pathogenesis and treatment of normal tension glaucoma. Curr Opin Pharmacol. 2013;13(1):43-9.
(23) Mitka M. Task force: Evidence is lacking that screening for glaucoma in the general public leads to improved outcomes. Jama. 2013;310(7):680-1.
(24) Mowatt G, Burr JM, Cook JA, Siddiqui MA, Ramsay C, Fraser C, et al. Screening tests for detecting open-angle glaucoma: systematic review and meta-analysis. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2008;49(12):5373-85.
(25) Grupo de trabajo sobre GPC. Elaboración de Guías de Práctica Clínica en el Sistema Nacional de Salud. Manual Metodológico. Madrid: Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Aragón-I+CS; 2007.
(26) Alonso-Coello P, Rigau D, Sanabria AJ, Plaza V, Miravitlles M, Martínez L. Quality and strength: the GRADE system for formulating recommendations in clinical practice guidelines. Arch Bronconeumol. 2013/02/26 ed2013. p. 261-7.
(27) Husereau D. Lista de Comprobación CHEERS1 en Español: Estándares Consolidados de Reporte de Evaluaciones Económicas Sanitarias. Value in Health Regional Issues. 2013;2(3):335-7.
(28) Leske MC, Heijl A, Hyman L, Bengtsson B, Dong L, Yang Z. Predictors of long-term progression in the early manifest glaucoma trial. Ophthalmology. 2007;114(11):1965- 72.
(29) Jaeschke R, Guyatt GH, Dellinger P, Schunemann H, Levy MM, Kunz R, et al. Use of GRADE grid to reach decisions on clinical practice guidelines when consensus is elusive. BMJ. 2008;337:a744.
(30) Fretheim A, Schunemann HJ, Oxman AD. Improving the use of research evidence in guideline development: 3. Group composition and consultation process. Health Res Policy Syst. 2006;4:15.
(31) Grupo de trabajo sobre actualización de GPC. Actualización de Guías de Práctica Clínica en el Sistema Nacional de Salud. Manual Metodológico. SNS GdPCee, editor: Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Aragón-I+CS; 2009.
(32) Hollands H, Johnson D, Hollands S, Simel DL, Jinapriya D, Sharma S. Do findings on routine examination identify patients at risk for primary open-angle glaucoma? The rational clinical examination systematic review. JAMA. 2013;309(19):2035-
(33) Edwards R, Thornton J, Ajit R, Harrison RA, Kelly SP. Cigarette smoking and primary open angle glaucoma: a systematic review. J Glaucoma. 2008;17(7):558-66.
(34) Li M, Wang M, Guo W, Wang J, Sun X. The effect of caffeine on intraocular pressure: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol. 2010;249(3):435-42.
(35) Marcus MW, de Vries MM, Junoy Montolio FG, Jansonius NM. Myopia as a risk factor for open-angle glaucoma: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Ophthalmology. 2011;118(10):1989-94 e2.
(36) Topouzis F, Wilson MR, Harris A, Founti P, Yu F, Anastasopoulos E, et al. Risk factors for primary open-angle glaucoma and pseudoexfoliative glaucoma in the Thessaloniki eye study. Am J Ophthalmol. 2011;152(2):219-28 e1.
(37) Hatt S, Wormald R, Burr J. Screening for prevention of optic nerve damage due to chronic open angle glaucoma. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2006(4):CD006129.
(38) Campbell SE, Azuara-Blanco A, Campbell MK, Francis JJ, Greene AC, Ramsay CR, et al. Developing the specifications of an open angle glaucoma screening intervention in the United Kingdom: a Delphi approach. BMC Health Serv Res. 2012;12:447.
(39) de Mul M, de Bont AA, Reus NJ, Lemij HG, Berg M. Improving the quality of eye care with tele-ophthalmology: shared-care glaucoma screening. J Telemed Telecare. 2004;10(6):331-6.
(40) Deleon-Ortega JE, Arthur SN, McGwin G, Jr., Xie A, Monheit BE, Girkin CA. Discrimination between glaucomatous and nonglaucomatous eyes using quantitative imaging devices and subjective optic nerve head assessment. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2006;47(8):3374-80.
(41) Kamdeu Fansi AA, Li G, Harasymowycz PJ. The validity of screening for open-angle glaucoma in high-risk populations with single-test screening mode frequency doubling technology perimetry (FDT). J Glaucoma. 2011;20(3):167-71.
(42) Toth M, Kothy P, Hollo G. Accuracy of scanning laser polarimetry, scanning laser tomography, and their combination in a glaucoma screening trial. J Glaucoma. 2008;17(8):639-46.
(43) Wessels IF, Randhawa RS. Improving the sensitivity of the OKP visual field screening test with a blue stimulus on a dark background. Eye (Lond). 1996;10 ( Pt 5):620-5.
(44) Vaahtoranta-Lehtonen H, Tuulonen A, Aronen P, Sintonen H, Suoranta L, Kovanen N, et al. Cost effectiveness and cost utility of an organized screening programme for glaucoma (Structured abstract). Acta Ophthalmologica Scandinavica. 2007(5):508-18.
(45) Hernández RA, Burr JM, Vale LD. Economic evaluation of screening for open-angle glaucoma. Int J Technol Assess Health Care. 2008;24(2):203-11.
(46) Peeters A, Schouten JS, Webers CA, Prins MH, Hendrikse F, Severens JL. Cost-effectiveness of early detection and treatment of ocular hypertension and primary openangle glaucoma by the ophthalmologist. Eye (Lond). 2008;22(3):354-62.
(47) National Institute for Health and Care Excellence-National Collaborating Centre for Acute Care. Glaucoma: Diagnosis and management of chronic open angle glaucoma and ocular hypertension 2009 [citado el 25/02/2015]. Disponible en: http://publications.nice.org.uk/glaucoma-cg85.
(48) Smith SD, Singh K, Lin SC, Chen PP, Chen TC, Francis BA, et al. Evaluation of the Anterior Chamber Angle in Glaucoma: A Report by the American Academy of Ophthalmology. Ophthalmology. 2013;120:1985-97.
(49) Reus NJ LH, Garway-Heath DF, Airaksinen PJ, Anton A, Bron AM, Faschinger C, Holló G, Iester M, Jonas JB, Mistlberger A, Topouzis F, Zeyen TG. Clinical assessment of stereoscopic optic disc photographs for glaucoma: the European Optic Disc Assessment Trial. Ophthalmology. 2010(4):717-23.
(50) Chander A, Kapoor H, Thomas S. Comparison of the efficacy and safety of bimatoprost (0.03 %) and travoprost (0.004 %) in patients with primary open angle glaucoma. Nepal J Ophthalmol. 2013;5(9):75-80.
(51) Eyawo O, Nachega J, Lefebvre P, Meyer D, Rachlis B, Lee CW, et al. Efficacy and safety of prostaglandin analogues in patients with predominantly primary open-angle glaucoma or ocular hypertension: a meta-analysis. Clin Ophthalmol. 2009;3:447-56.
(52) Hodge WG, Lachaine J, Steffensen I, Murray C, Barnes D, Foerster V, et al. The efficacy and harm of prostaglandin analogues for IOP reduction in glaucoma patients compared to dorzolamide and brimonidine: a systematic review. Br J Ophthalmol. 2008;92(1):7-12.
(53) Krupin T, Liebmann JM, Greenfield DS, Ritch R, Gardiner S. A randomized trial of brimonidine versus timolol in preserving visual function: results from the Low-Pressure Glaucoma Treatment Study. Am J Ophthalmol. 2011;151(4):671-81.
(54) Loon SC, Liew G, Fung A, Reid SE, Craig JC. Meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials comparing timolol with brimonidine in the treatment of glaucoma. Clin Experiment Ophthalmol. 2008;36(3):281-9.
(55) Vass C, Hirn C, Sycha T, Findl O, Bauer P, Schmetterer L. Medical interventions for primary open angle glaucoma and ocular hypertension. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2007(4):CD003167.
(56) Burr JM, Kilonzo M, Vale L, Ryan M. Developing a preference-based Glaucoma Utility Index using a discrete choice experiment. Optom Vis Sci. 2007;84(8):797-808.
(57) Mangham LJ, Hanson K, McPake B. How to do (or not to do) … Designing a discrete choice experiment for application in a low-income country. Health Policy Plan. 2009;24(2):151-8.
(58) Aptel F, Cucherat M, Denis P. Efficacy and tolerability of prostaglandin analogs: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled clinical trials. J Glaucoma. 2008;17(8):667-73.
(59) Honrubia F, García-Sánchez J, Polo V, de la Casa JM, Soto J. Conjunctival hyperaemia with the use of latanoprost versus other prostaglandin analogues in patients with ocular hypertension or glaucoma: a meta-analysis of randomised clinical trials. Br J Ophthalmol. 2009;93(3):316-21.
(60) Yildirim N, Sahin A, Gultekin S. The effect of latanoprost, bimatoprost, and travoprost on circadian variation of intraocular pressure in patients with open-angle glaucoma. J Glaucoma. 2008;17(1):36-9.
(61) Birt CM, Buys YM, Ahmed, II, Trope GE. Prostaglandin efficacy and safety study undertaken by race (the PRESSURE study). J Glaucoma. 2010 Sep:460-7.
(62) Mizoguchi T, Ozaki M, Unoki K, Dake Y, Eto T, Arai M. A randomized crossover study comparing tafluprost 0.0015% with travoprost 0.004% in patients with normaltension glaucoma [corrected]. Clin Ophthalmol. 2012;6:1579-84.
(63) Sawada A, Yamamoto T, Takatsuka N. Randomized crossover study of latanoprost and travoprost in eyes with open-angle glaucoma. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol. 2012;250(1):123-9.
(64) Cox JA, Mollan SP, Bankart J, Robinson R. Efficacy of antiglaucoma fixed combination therapy versus unfixed components in reducing intraocular pressure: a systematic review. Br J Ophthalmol. 2008;92(6):729-34.
(65) Quaranta L, Biagioli E, Riva I, Rulli E, Poli D, Katsanos A, et al. Prostaglandin analogs and timolol-fixed versus unfixed combinations or monotherapy for open-angle glaucoma: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Ocul Pharmacol Ther. 2013;29(4):382-9.
(66) Webers CA, Beckers HJ, Zeegers MP, Nuijts RM, Hendrikse F, Schouten JS. The intraocular pressure-lowering effect of prostaglandin analogs combined with topical beta-blocker therapy: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Ophthalmology. 2010;117(11):2067-74 e1-6.
(67) Hommer A, Wickstrom J, Friis MM, Steeds C, Thygesen J, Ferreras A, et al. A costeffectiveness analysis of fixed-combination therapies in patients with open-angle glaucoma: a European perspective. Curr Med Res Opin. 2008;24(4):1057-63.
(68) Lewis RA, Katz GJ, Weiss MJ, Landry TA, Dickerson JE, James JE, et al. Travoprost 0.004% with and without benzalkonium chloride: a comparison of safety and efficacy. Journal of Glaucoma. 2007(1):98-103.
(69)Shedden A, Adamsons IA, Getson AJ, Laurence JK, Lines CR, Hewitt DJ, et al. Comparison of the efficacy and tolerability of preservative-free and preservative-containing formulations of the dorzolamide/timolol fixed combination (COSOPT?) in patients with elevated intraocular pressure in a randomized clinical trial. Graefe’s archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology = Albrecht von Graefes Archiv für klinische und experimentelle Ophthalmologie. 2010(12):1757-64.
(70) Day DG, Walters TR, Schwartz GF, Mundorf TK, Liu C, Schiffman RM, et al. Bimatoprost 0.03% preservative-free ophthalmic solution versus bimatoprost 0.03% ophthalmic solution (Lumigan) for glaucoma or ocular hypertension: a 12-week, randomised, double-masked trial. Br J Ophthalmol. 2013;97(8):989-93.
(71) Rouland JF, Traverso CE, Stalmans I, Fekih LE, Delval L, Renault D, et al. Efficacy and safety of preservative-free latanoprost eyedrops, compared with BAK-preserved latanoprost in patients with ocular hypertension or glaucoma. Br J Ophthalmol. 2013;97(2):196-200.
(72) Blyth CP, Moriarty AP, McHugh JD. Diode laser trabeculoplasty versus argon laser trabeculoplasty in the control of primary open angle glaucoma. Lasers Med Sci. 1999;14(2):105-8.
(73) Bovell AM, Damji KF, Hodge WG, Rock WJ, Buhrmann RR, Pan YI. Long term effects on the lowering of intraocular pressure: selective laser or argon laser trabeculoplasty? Can J Ophthalmol. 2011;46(5):408-13.
(74) Brancato R, Carassa R, Trabucchi G. Diode laser compared with argon laser for trabeculoplasty. Am J Ophthalmol. 1991;112(1):50-5.
(75) Chung PY, Schuman JS, Netland PA, Lloyd-Muhammad RA, Jacobs DS. Five-year results of a randomized, prospective, clinical trial of diode vs argon laser trabeculoplasty for open-angle glaucoma. Am J Ophthalmol. 1998;126(2):185-90.
(76) Katz LJ, Steinmann WC, Kabir A, Molineaux J, Wizov SS, Marcellino G. Selective laser trabeculoplasty versus medical therapy as initial treatment of glaucoma: a prospective, randomized trial. J Glaucoma. 2012;21(7):460-8.
(77) Kent SS, Hutnik CM, Birt CM, Damji KF, Harasymowycz P, Si F, et al. A Randomized Clinical Trial of Selective Laser Trabeculoplasty Versus Argon Laser Trabeculoplasty in Patients With Pseudoexfoliation. J Glaucoma. 2013.
(78) Moriarty BJ, Char JN, Acheson RW, Dunn DT. Argon laser trabeculoplasty in primary open-angle glaucoma–results in black Jamaican population. Int Ophthalmol. 1988;12(4):217-21.
(79) Nagar M, Luhishi E, Shah N. Intraocular pressure control and fluctuation: the effect of treatment with selective laser trabeculoplasty. The British journal of ophthalmology. 2009(4):497-501.
(80) Rolim de Moura C, Paranhos A, Jr., Wormald R. Laser trabeculoplasty for open angle glaucoma. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2007(4):CD003919.
(81) Rosenfeld E, Shemesh G, Kurtz S. The efficacy of selective laser trabeculoplasty versus argon laser trabeculoplasty in pseudophakic glaucoma patients. Clin Ophthalmol. 2012;6:1935-40.
(82) Sherwood MB, Lattimer J, Hitchings RA. Laser trabeculoplasty as supplementary treatment for primary open angle glaucoma. Br J Ophthalmol. 1987;71(3):188-91.
(83) Wang H, Cheng JW, Wei RL, Cai JP, Li Y, Ma XY. Meta-analysis of selective laser trabeculoplasty with argon laser trabeculoplasty in the treatment of open-angle glaucoma. Can J Ophthalmol. 2013;48(3):186-92.
(84) Stein J, Kim D, Peck W, Giannetti S, Hutton D. Cost-effectiveness of medications compared with laser trabeculoplasty in patients with newly diagnosed open-angle glaucoma (Structured abstract). Archives of ophthalmology. 2012;130(4):497-505.
(85) Burr J, Azuara-Blanco A, Avenell A, Tuulonen A. Medical versus surgical interventions for open angle glaucoma. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2012;9:CD004399.
(86) Chai C, Loon SC. Meta-analysis of viscocanalostomy versus trabeculectomy in uncontrolled glaucoma. J Glaucoma. 2010;19(8):519-27.
(87) Cheng JW, Cai JP, Li Y, Wei RL. Intraoperative mitomycin C for nonpenetrating glaucoma surgery: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Glaucoma. 2011;20(5):322-6.
(88) Cheng JW, Cheng SW, Cai JP, Li Y, Wei RL. Systematic overview of the efficacy of nonpenetrating glaucoma surgery in the treatment of open angle glaucoma. Med Sci Monit. 2011;17(7):RA155-63.
(89) Cheng JW, Wei RL, Cai JP, Li Y. Efficacy and tolerability of nonpenetrating filtering surgery with and without implant in treatment of open angle glaucoma: a quantitative evaluation of the evidence. J Glaucoma. 2009;18(3):233-7.
(90) Cheng JW, Xi GL, Wei RL, Cai JP, Li Y. Efficacy and tolerability of nonpenetrating glaucoma surgery augmented with mitomycin C in treatment of open-angle glaucoma: a meta-analysis. Can J Ophthalmol. 2009;44(1):76-82.
(91) Cheng JW, Xi GL, Wei RL, Cai JP, Li Y. Efficacy and tolerability of nonpenetrating filtering surgery in the treatment of open-angle glaucoma: a meta-analysis. Ophthalmologica. 2010;224(3):138-46.
(92) Eldaly MA, Bunce C, Elsheikha OZ, Wormald R. Non-penetrating filtration surgery versus trabeculectomy for open-angle glaucoma. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2014;2:CD007059.
(93) Ke M, Guo J, Qian Z. Meta analysis of non-penetrating trabecular surgery versus trabeculectomy for the treatment of open angle glaucoma. J Huazhong Univ Sci Technolog Med Sci. 2011;31(2):264-70.
(94) Kozobolis VP, Christodoulakis EV, Tzanakis N, Zacharopoulos I, Pallikaris IG. Primary deep sclerectomy versus primary deep sclerectomy with the use of mitomycin C in primary open-angle glaucoma. J Glaucoma. 2002;11(4):287-93.
(95) Luke C, Dietlein TS, Jacobi PC, Konen W, Krieglstein GK. A prospective randomised trial of viscocanalostomy with and without implantation of a reticulated hyaluronic acid implant (SKGEL) in open angle glaucoma. Br J Ophthalmol. 2003;87(5):599-603.
(96) Mielke C, Dawda VK, Anand N. Deep sclerectomy and low dose mitomycin C: a randomised prospective trial in west Africa. Br J Ophthalmol. 2006;90(3):310-3.
(97) Neudorfer M, Sadetzki S, Anisimova S, Geyer O. Nonpenetrating deep sclerectomy with the use of adjunctive mitomycin C. Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging. 2004;35(1):6-12.
(98) Shaarawy T, Mermoud A. Deep sclerectomy in one eye vs deep sclerectomy with collagen implant in the contralateral eye of the same patient: long-term follow-up. Eye (Lond). 2005;19(3):298-302.
(99) Shaarawy T, Nguyen C, Schnyder C, Mermoud A. Comparative study between deep sclerectomy with and without collagen implant: long term follow up. Br J Ophthalmol. 2004;88(1):95-8.
(100) Wilkins M, Indar A, Wormald R. Intra-operative mitomycin C for glaucoma surgery. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2005(4):CD002897.
(101) Wong TT, Khaw PT, Aung T, Foster PJ, Htoon HM, Oen FT, et al. The singapore 5-Fluorouracil trabeculectomy study: effects on intraocular pressure control and disease progression at 3 years. Ophthalmology. 2009;116(2):175-84.
(102) Wormald R, Wilkins MR, Bunce C. Post-operative 5-Fluorouracil for glaucoma surgery. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2001(3):CD001132.
(103) Kishimoto F, Naito T, Hasebe S, Ohtsuki H. Time trade-off utility analysis for surgical intervention in comitant strabismus, glaucoma, and cataract. Acta Med Okayama. 2012;66(3):191-201.
(104) Drummond M. Introducing economic and quality of life measurements into clinical studies. Ann Med. 2001;33(5):344-9.
(105) Wang W, Zhou M, Huang W, Zhang X. Ex-PRESS Implantation Versus Trabeculectomy in Uncontrolled Glaucoma: A Meta-Analysis. PLoS One. 2013;8(5):e63591.
(106) Dahan E, Ben Simon GJ, Lafuma A. Comparison of trabeculectomy and Ex-PRESS implantation in fellow eyes of the same patient: a prospective, randomised study. Eye (Lond). 2012;26(5):703-10.
(107) de Jong L, Lafuma A, Aguade AS, Berdeaux G. Five-year extension of a clinical trial comparing the EX-PRESS glaucoma filtration device and trabeculectomy in primary open-angle glaucoma. Clin Ophthalmol. 2011;5:527-33.
(108) Minckler DS, Francis BA, Hodapp EA, Jampel HD, Lin SC, Samples JR, et al. Aqueous shunts in glaucoma: a report by the American Academy of Ophthalmology. Ophthalmology. 2008;115(6):1089-98.
(109) Minckler DS, Vedula SS, Li TJ, Mathew MC, Ayyala RS, Francis BA. Aqueous shunts for glaucoma. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2006(2):CD004918.
(110) Gedde SJ, Schiffman JC, Feuer WJ, Herndon LW, Brandt JD, Budenz DL. Treatment outcomes in the Tube Versus Trabeculectomy (TVT) study after five years of followup. Am J Ophthalmol. 2012;153(5):789-803 e2.
(111) Gedde SJ, Herndon LW, Brandt JD, Budenz DL, Feuer WJ, Schiffman JC. Postoperative complications in the Tube Versus Trabeculectomy (TVT) study during five years of follow-up. Am J Ophthalmol. 2012;153(5):804-14 e1.
(112) Ang GS, Chan KC, Poostchi A, Nicholas S, Birchall W, Wakely L, et al. Comparison of standard trabeculectomy versus microtrabeculectomy as a surgical treatment for glaucoma: a randomized clinical trial. Clin Experiment Ophthalmol. 2011;39(7):648-57.
(113) Jaichandran V. Anesthesia for Glaucoma Surgery Journal of Current Glaucoma Practice. 2010;4(2):49-55.
(114) Benatar-Haserfaty J, Puig Flores JA. [Locoregional anesthesia in ophthalmology: update]. Rev Esp Anestesiol Reanim. 2003;50(6):284-93; quiz 93-4, 98.
(115) Bhananker SM, Posner KL, Cheney FW, Caplan RA, Lee LA, Domino KB. Injury and liability associated with monitored anesthesia care: a closed claims analysis. Anesthesiology. 2006;104(2):228-34.
(116) Zabriskie NA, Ahmed, II, Crandall AS, Daines B, Burns TA, Patel BC. A comparison of topical and retrobulbar anesthesia for trabeculectomy. J Glaucoma. 2002;11(4):306-14.
(117) Rengaraj V, Radhakrishnan M, Au Eong KG, Saw SM, Srinivasan A, Mathew J, et al. Visual experience during phacoemulsification under topical versus retrobulbar anesthesia: results of a prospective, randomized, controlled trial. Am J Ophthalmol. 2004;138(5):782-7.
(118) Rebolleda G, Munoz-Negrete FJ, Benatar J, Corcostegui J, Alonso N. Comparison of lidocaine 2% gel versus retrobulbar anaesthesia for implantation of Ahmed glaucoma drainage. Acta Ophthalmol Scand. 2005;83(2):201-5.
(119) Sauder G, Jonas JB. Topical anesthesia for penetrating trabeculectomy. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol. 2002;240(9):739-42.
(120) Carrillo MM, Buys YM, Faingold D, Trope GE. Prospective study comparing lidocaine 2% jelly versus sub-Tenon’s anaesthesia for trabeculectomy surgery. Br J Ophthalmol. 2004;88(8):1004-7.
(121) Geffen N, Carrillo MM, Jin Y, Trope GE, Buys YM. Effect of local anesthesia on trabeculectomy success. J Glaucoma. 2008;17(8):658-61.
(122) Paletta Guedes RA, Paletta Guedes V, Pereira Da Silva A, Montezi Pereira F, Montezi Pereira P, Chaoubah A. [Topical versus peribulbar anesthesia in nonpenetrating deep sclerectomy]. J Fr Ophtalmol. 2007;30(8):825-9.
(123) Pablo LE, Pérez-Oliván S, Ferreras A, Polo V, Gómez ML, Honrubia FM. Contact versus peribulbar anaesthesia in trabeculectomy: a prospective randomized clinical study. Acta Ophthalmol Scand. 2003;81(5):486-90.
(124) Pablo Julvez LE, Pérez-Oliván S, Ferreras Amed A, Larrosa Poves JM, Gomez Martínez ML, Honrubia López FM. [Topical versus contact anaesthesia in conventional trabeculectomy. Prospective randomised study]. Arch Soc Esp Oftalmol. 2003;78(5):251-6.
(125) Buys YM, Trope GE. Prospective study of sub-Tenon’s versus retrobulbar anesthesia for inpatient and day-surgery trabeculectomy. Ophthalmology. 1993;100(10):1585-9.
(126) Holtzer-Goor KM, Sprundel E, Lemij HG, Plochg T, Klazinga NS, Koopmanschap MA. Cost-effectiveness of monitoring glaucoma patients in shared care: an economic evaluation alongside a randomized controlled trial. BMC health services research. 2010;10:312.
(127) Chauhan BC, Garway-Heath DF, Goni FJ, Rossetti L, Bengtsson B, Viswanathan AC, et al. Practical recommendations for measuring rates of visual field change in glaucoma. Br J Ophthalmol. 2008;92(4):569-73.
(128) Detry-Morel M. Side effects of glaucoma medications. Bull Soc Belge Ophtalmol. 2006(299):27-40.
(129) Greaney MJ, Hoffman DC, Garway-Heath DF, Nakla M, Coleman AL, Caprioli J. Comparison of optic nerve imaging methods to distinguish normal eyes from those with glaucoma. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2002;43(1):140-5.
(130) Meyer T, Howland HC. How large is the optic disc? Systematic errors in fundus cameras and topographers. Ophthalmic Physiol Opt. 2001;21(2):139-50.
(131) Oliveira C, Harizman N, Girkin CA, Xie A, Tello C, Liebmann JM, et al. Axial length and optic disc size in normal eyes. Br J Ophthalmol. 2007;91(1):37-9.
(132) Jonas JB, Gusek GC, Naumann GO. Optic disc, cup and neuroretinal rim size, configuration and correlations in normal eyes. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 1988;29(7):1151-8.
(133) Healey PR, Mitchell P. Optic disk size in open-angle glaucoma: the Blue Mountains Eye Study. Am J Ophthalmol. 1999;128(4):515-7.
(134) Hougaard JL, Heijl A, Bengtsson B. Glaucomatous retinal nerve fibre layer defects may be identified in Stratus OCT images classified as normal. Acta Ophthalmol. 2008;86(5):569-75.
(135) Guo Y, Wang YX, Xu L, Jonas JB. Five-year follow-up of parapapillary atrophy: the Beijing Eye Study. PLoS One. 2012;7(5):e32005.
(136) Xu L, Wang Y, Yang H, Jonas JB. Differences in parapapillary atrophy between glaucomatous and normal eyes: the Beijing Eye Study. Am J Ophthalmol. 2007;144(4):541-6.
(137) Jonas JB, Nguyen XN, Gusek GC, Naumann GO. Parapapillary chorioretinal atrophy in normal and glaucoma eyes. I. Morphometric data. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 1989;30(5):908-18.
(138) De Moraes CG, Liebmann JM, Park SC, Teng CC, Nemiroff J, Tello C, et al. Optic disc progression and rates of visual field change in treated glaucoma. Acta Ophthalmol. 2013;91(2):e86-91.
(139) Teng CC, De Moraes CG, Prata TS, Liebmann CA, Tello C, Ritch R, et al. The region of largest beta-zone parapapillary atrophy area predicts the location of most rapid visual field progression. Ophthalmology. 2011;118(12):2409-13.
(140) Teng CC, De Moraes CG, Prata TS, Tello C, Ritch R, Liebmann JM. Beta-Zone parapapillary atrophy and the velocity of glaucoma progression. Ophthalmology. 2010;117(5):909-15.
(141) Budenz DL, Anderson DR, Feuer WJ, Beiser JA, Schiffman J, Parrish RK, 2nd, et al. Detection and prognostic significance of optic disc hemorrhages during the Ocular Hypertension Treatment Study. Ophthalmology. 2006;113(12):2137-43.
(142) Drance S, Anderson DR, Schulzer M. Risk factors for progression of visual field abnormalities in normal-tension glaucoma. Am J Ophthalmol. 2001;131(6):699-708.
(143) Susanna R, Jr., Vessani RM. New findings in the evaluation of the optic disc in glaucoma diagnosis. Curr Opin Ophthalmol. 2007;18(2):122-8.
(144) Uhler TA, Piltz-Seymour J. Optic disc hemorrhages in glaucoma and ocular hypertension: implications and recommendations. Curr Opin Ophthalmol. 2008;19(2):89-94.
(145) Nitta K, Sugiyama K, Higashide T, Ohkubo S, Tanahashi T, Kitazawa Y. Does the enlargement of retinal nerve fiber layer defects relate to disc hemorrhage or progressive visual field loss in normal-tension glaucoma? J Glaucoma. 2011;20(3):189-95.
(146) Ishida K, Yamamoto T, Sugiyama K, Kitazawa Y. Disk hemorrhage is a significantly negative prognostic factor in normal-tension glaucoma. Am J Ophthalmol. 2000;129(6):707-14.
(147) Olthoff CM, Schouten JS, van de Borne BW, Webers CA. Noncompliance with ocular hypotensive treatment in patients with glaucoma or ocular hypertension an evidencebased review. Ophthalmology. 2005;112(6):953-61.