Preventiva

Agodi, A., Auxilia, F., Barchitta, M., Cristina, M. L., D’Alessandro, D., Mura, I., Nobile, M., Pasquarella, C., Avondo, S., Bellocchi, P., Canino, R., Capozzi, C., Casarin, R., Cavasin, M., Contegiacomo, P., Deriu, M. G., Evola, F. R., Farsetti, P., Grandi, A.,Vitali, P. (2015). Operating theatre ventilation systems and microbial air contamination in total joint replacement surgery: Results of the GISIO-ISChIA study. Journal of Hospital Infection, 90(3), 213–219. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhin.2015.02.014

Astier, P., Gost, J., Redín, J. M., Manrique, A., Lameiro, F. J., & Echeverría, J. M. (2000). Program for minimising biological risks associated with hospital infrastructure: Functions, activities, responsibilities; [Programa de minimizacion de riesgos biologicos asociados a la infraestructura hospitalaria: Funciones, actividades, responsabilidades]. Anales Del Sistema Sanitario de Navarra, 23(SUPPL. 2), 205–226.

Bamber, S., Haiduven, D., & Denning, D. W. (2025). Survey of current national and international guidance to reduce risk of aspergillosis in hospitals. Journal of Hospital Infection, 159, 124–139. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhin.2025.02.015

Birgand, G., Toupet, G., Rukly, S., Antoniotti, G., Deschamps, M.-N., Lepelletier, D., Pornet, C., Stern, J. B., Vandamme, Y.-M., van der Mee-Marquet, N., Timsit, J.-F., & Lucet, J.-C. (2015). Air contamination for predicting wound contamination in clean surgery: A large multicenter study. American Journal of Infection Control, 43(5), 516–521. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajic.2015.01.026.

Chiletzari, S., Barbouni, A., & Kesanopoulos, K. (2025). Impact of Microbial Load on Operating Room Air Quality and Surgical Site Infections: A Systematic Review. Acta Microbiologica Hellenica (Switzerland), 70(2). https://doi.org/10.3390/amh70020020

Colella, Y., Valente, A. S., Rossano, L., Trunfio, T. A., Fiorillo, A., & Improta, G. (2022). A Fuzzy Inference System for the Assessment of Indoor Air Quality in an Operating Room to Prevent Surgical Site Infection. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(6). https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19063533

Coury, J. G., Lum, Z. C., Dunn, J. G., Huff, K. E., Lara, D. L., & Trzeciak, M. A. (2021). Operating room and hospital air environment. Orthopedics

Crimi, P., Argellati, F., Macrina, G., Tinteri, C., Copello, L., Rebora, D., Romania, L., & Rizzetto, R. (2006). Microbiological surveillance of hospital ventilation systems in departments at high risk of nosocomial infections. Journal of Preventive Medicine and Hygiene, 47(3), 105–109.

Cristina, M. L., Spagnolo, A. M., Ottria, G., Schinca, E., Dupont, C., Carbone, A., Oliva, M., & Sartini, M. (2021). Microbial air monitoring in turbulent airflow operating theatres: Is it possible to calculate and hypothesize new benchmarks for microbial air load? International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(19). https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph181910379

Dallolio, L., Raggi, A., Sanna, T., Mazzetti, M., Orsi, A., Zanni, A., Farruggia, P., & Leoni, E. (2018). Surveillance of environmental and procedural measures of infection control in the operating theatre setting. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 15(1). https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph15010046

Dharan, S., & Pittet, D. (2002). Environmental controls in operating theatres. Journal of Hospital Infection, 51(2), 79–84. https://doi.org/10.1053/jhin.2002.1217

Diaz-Guerra, T. M., Mellado, E., Cuenca-Estrella, M., Gaztelurrutia, L., Navarro, J. I. v, & Tudela, J. L. R. (2000). Genetic similarity among one Aspergillus flavus strain isolated from a patient who underwent heart surgery and two environmental strains obtained from the operating room. JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY, 38(6), 2419–2422.

Facciola, A., Pellicano, G. F., Visalli, G., Paolucci, I. A., Rullo, E. V., Ceccarelli, M., D’Aleo, F., di Pietro, A., Squeri, R., Nunnari, G., & la Fauci, V. (2019). The role of the hospital environment in the healthcare-associated infections: a general review of the literature. EUROPEAN REVIEW FOR MEDICAL AND PHARMACOLOGICAL SCIENCES, 23(3), 1266–1278.

Hardy, S., & Haas, J. P. (2008). Infection Prevention for Construction and Renovation in the Operating Room. Perioperative Nursing Clinics, 3(2), 137–142. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpen.2008.01.004

Heinemann, S., Symoens, F., Gordts, B., Jannes, H., & Nolard, N. (2004). Environmental investigations and molecular typing of Aspergillus flavus during an outbreak of postoperative infections. Journal of Hospital Infection, 57(2), 149–155. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhin.2004.02.007

Humphreys, H., Bak, A., Ridgway, E., Wilson, A. P. R., Vos, M. C., Woodhead, K., Haill, C., Xuereb, D., Walker, J. M., Bostock, J., Marsden, G. L., Pinkney, T., Kumar, R., & Hoffman, P. N. (2023). Rituals and behaviours in the operating theatre – joint guidelines of the Healthcare Infection Society and the European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases. Journal of Hospital Infection, 140, 165.e1-165.e28. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhin.2023.06.009

Kronman, M. P., Baden, H. P., Jeffries, H. E., Heath, J., Cohen, G. A., & Zerr, D. M. (2007). An investigation of Aspergillus cardiac surgical site infections in 3 pediatric patients. American Journal of Infection Control, 35(5), 332–337. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajic.2006.10.013

Leung, M., & Chan, A. H. S. (2006). Control and management of hospital indoor air quality. Medical Science Monitor, 12(3), SR17–SR23. https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-33644698248&partnerID=40&md5=9efeeb1052de03d5e3647591385b33ac

Lutz, B. D., Jin, J. K., Rinaldi, M. G., Wickes, B. L., & Huycke, M. M. (2003). Outbreak of invasive Aspergillus infection in surgical patients, associated with a contaminated air-handling system. CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES, 37(6), 786–793. https://doi.org/10.1086/377537

Martín Salas, C., Tordoya Titichoca, I. J., & Ezpeleta Baquedano, C. (2016). Control microbiológico ambiental. Enfermedades Infecciosas y Microbiologia Clinica, 34, 19–24. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0213-005X(16)30215-4

Masia, M. D., Dettori, M., Deriu, G. M., Soddu, S., Deriu, M., Arghittu, A., Azara, A., & Castiglia, P. (2021). Microbial monitoring as a tool for preventing infectious risk in the operating room: Results of 10 years of activity. Atmosphere, 12(1), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos12010019

Montagna, M. T., Rutigliano, S., Trerotoli, P., Napoli, C., Apollonio, F., D’Amico, A., de Giglio, O., Diella, G., Lopuzzo, M., Marzella, A., Mascipinto, S., Pousis, C., Albertini, R., Pasquarella, C., D’Alessandro, D., Serio, G., & Caggiano, G. (2019). Evaluation of air contamination in orthopaedic operating theatres in hospitals in Southern Italy: The IMPACT project. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 16(19). https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16193581

Oulkheir, S., Safouan, H., el Housse, F., Aghrouch, M., Ounine, K., Douira, A., & Chadli, S. (2021). Assessment of microbiological indoor air quality in a public hospital in the city of Agadir, Morocco. Periodicum Biologorum, 123(1–2), 29–34. https://doi.org/10.18054/pb.v123i1-2.6461

Pakshir, K., Shekarkhar, G., Mostagnie, S., Sabayan, B., & Vaghefikia, A. (2007). Monitoring of airborne fungi in two general hospitals in Shiraz, southern Iran. Iranian Journal of Medical Sciences, 32(4), 240–244. https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-39449099635&partnerID=40&md5=bafd58745921488b4e37ac1fa6b56efe

Pasqualotto, A. C., & Denning, D. W. (2006). Post-operative aspergillosis. Clinical Microbiology and Infection, 12(11), 1060–1076. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-0691.2006.01512.x

Patterson JE, Peters J, Calhoon JH, Levine S, Anzueto A, Al-Abdely H, Sanchez R, Patterson TF, Rech M, Jorgensen JH, Rinaldi MG, Sako E, Johnson S, Speeg V, Halff GA, Trinkle JK. Investigation and control of aspergillosis and other filamentous fungal infections in solid organ transplant recipients. Transpl Infect Dis. 2000 Mar;2(1):22-8. doi: 10.1034/j.1399-3062.2000.020105.x. PMID: 11429006.

Pelaez, T., Munoz, P., Guinea, J., Valerio, M., Giannella, M., Klaassen, C. H. W., & Bouza, E. (2012). Outbreak of Invasive Aspergillosis After Major Heart Surgery Caused by Spores in the Air of the Intensive Care Unit. CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES, 54(3), E24–E31. https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/cir771

Persson, M. (2019). Airborne contamination and surgical site infection: Could a thirty-year-old idea help solve the problem? Medical Hypotheses, 132. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mehy.2019.109351

Robles Garcia, M., Dierssen Sotos, T., Llorca Diaz, F. J., Rodriguez Cundin, P., & Roiz Mesones, M. P. (2005). Prevention of nosocomial infection of fungal origin:: verification of the environmental biosafety in surgery rooms. REVISTA CLINICA ESPANOLA, 205(12), 601–606. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0014-2565(05)72653-9

Sehulster, L., & Chinn, R. Y. W. (2003). Guidelines for environmental infection control in health-care facilities. Recommendations of CDC and the Healthcare Infection Control Practices Advisory Committee (HICPAC). MMWR. Recommendations and Reports : Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report. Recommendations and Reports / Centers for Disease Control, 52(RR-10), 1–42.

Tateiwa, T., Masaoka, T., Takahashi, Y., Ishida, T., Shishido, T., & Yamamoto, K. (2024). Unveiling the dynamics of intraoperative contamination in total hip arthroplasty: the discrepancy between particulate and microbial contamination in surgical site infection risk. Arthroplasty, 6(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s42836-024-00272-0

de Oliveira, M. T., Batista, N. K. R., de Souza Gil, E., do Rosário Rodrigues Silva, M., Costa, C. R., Bara, M. T. F., & Torres, I. M. S. (2020). Risks associated with pathogenic fungi isolated from surgical centers, intensive care units, and materials sterilization center in hospitals. Risks associated with pathogenic fungi isolated from critical hospital areas. Medical Mycology, 58(7), 881–886. https://doi.org/10.1093/mmy/myaa004

Hagiya H, Otsuka F. Increased evidence for no benefit of contact precautions in preventing extended-spectrum β-lactamases-producing Enterobacteriaceae: Systematic scoping review. Am J Infect Control. 2023;51(9):1056-62. doi: 10.1016/j.ajic.2023.01.018. PMID: 36736903.

Thompson P, Teter J, Atrubin K. Incidence of health care-associated extended-spectrum β-lactamase-positive patients before and after discontinuation of contact precautions. Am J Infect Control. 2020;48(1):52-5. doi: 10.1016/j.ajic.2019.06.016. PMID: 31358415.

Maechler F, Schwab F, Hansen S, Fankhauser C, Harbarth S, Huttner BD, Diaz-Agero C, Lopez N, Canton R, Ruiz-Garbajosa P, Blok H, Bonten MJ, Kloosterman F, Schotsman J, Cooper BS, Behnke M, Golembus J, Kola A, Gastmeier P; R-GNOSIS WP5 study group. Contact isolation versus standard precautions to decrease acquisition of extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing Enterobacterales in non-critical care wards: a cluster-randomised crossover trial. Lancet Infect Dis. 2020;20(5):575-84. doi: 10.1016/S1473-3099(19)30626-7. PMID: 32087113.

Gottlieb LB, Walits E, Patel G, Schaefer S. Taking off the gown: Impact of discontinuing contact precautions for extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing organisms. Antimicrob Steward Healthc Epidemiol. 2021;1(1):e31. doi: 10.1017/ash.2021.189. PMID: 36168477; PMCID: PMC9495408.

Kluytmans-van den Bergh MFQ, Bruijning-Verhagen PCJ, Vandenbroucke-Grauls CMJE, de Brauwer EIGB, Buiting AGM, Diederen BM, van Elzakker EPM, Friedrich AW, Hopman J, Al Naiemi N, Rossen JWA, Ruijs GJHM, Savelkoul PHM, Verhulst C, Vos MC, Voss A, Bonten MJM, Kluytmans JAJW; SoM Study Group. Contact precautions in single-bed or multiple-bed rooms for patients with extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae in Dutch hospitals: a cluster-randomised, crossover, non-inferiority study. Lancet Infect Dis. 2019;19(10):1069-79. doi: 10.1016/S1473-3099(19)30262-2. PMID: 31451419.

Souverein D, Euser SM, Herpers BL, Hattink C, Houtman P, Popma A, Kluytmans J, Rossen JWA, Den Boer JW. No nosocomial transmission under standard hygiene precautions in short term contact patients in case of an unexpected ESBL or Q&A E. coli positive patient: a one-year prospective cohort study within three regional hospitals. Antimicrob Resist Infect Control. 2017;6:69. doi: 10.1186/s13756-017-0228-6. PMID: 28670449; PMCID: PMC5485576.

Tschudin-Sutter S, Lucet JC, Mutters NT, Tacconelli E, Zahar JR, Harbarth S. Contact Precautions for Preventing Nosocomial Transmission of Extended-Spectrum β Lactamase-Producing Escherichia coli: A Point/Counterpoint Review. Clin Infect Dis. 2017;65(2):342-7. doi: 10.1093/cid/cix258. PMID: 28379311.

Tschudin-Sutter S, Frei R, Schwahn F, Tomic M, Conzelmann M, Stranden A, Widmer AF. Prospective Validation of Cessation of Contact Precautions for Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamase-Producing Escherichia coli(1). Emerg Infect Dis. 2016 Jun;22(6):1094-7. doi: 10.3201/eid2206.150554. PMID: 27191171; PMCID: PMC4880108.

Metan G, Metin BC, Baştuğ Z, Tekin İ, Aytaç H, Çınar B, Zengin H, Ünal S. Cessation of Contact Precautions for Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamase (ESBL)-Producing Escherichia coli Seems to be Safe in a Nonepidemic Setting. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol. 2017;38(11):1379-81. doi: 10.1017/ice.2017.198. Epub 2017 Sep 20. PMID: 28927480.

Zahar JR, Poirel L, Dupont C, Fortineau N, Nassif X, Nordmann P. About the usefulness of contact precautions for carriers of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli. BMC Infect Dis. 2015;15:512. doi: 10.1186/s12879-015-1244-x. PMID: 26563141; PMCID: PMC4642679.

Bellini C, Eder M, Senn L, Sommerstein R, Vuichard-Gysin D, Schmiedel Y, Schlegel M, Harbarth S, Troillet N. Providing care to patients in contact isolation: is the systematic use of gloves still indicated? Swiss Med Wkly. 2022;152:w30110. doi: 10.4414/smw.2022.w30110. PMID: 35147391.

Lefebvre A, Saliou P, Lucet JC, Mimoz O, Keita-Perse O, Grandbastien B et al. Preoperative hair removal and surgical site infections: network meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. J Hosp Infect 2015;91:100-8.

Tanner J, Norrie P, Melen K. Preoperative hair removal to reduce surgical site infection. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2011,Issue 11. Art Nº CD004122.doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD004122.pub4.

National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. NICE Clinical Guideline (CG74). Prevention and treatment of surgical infection (2008). Last Update Feb 2017.

Antibiotic resistance threats in the United States, 2013. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention website: http://www.cdc.gov/drugresistance/pdf/ar-threats-2013-508.pdf.

Core elements of hospital antibiotic stewardship programs. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention website:http://www.cdc.gov/getsmart/healthcare/implementation/core-elements.htm.

Elligsen M, Walker SA, Pinto R, et al. Audit and feedback to reduce broad-spectrum antibiotic use among intensive care unit patients: a controlled interrupted time series analysis. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2012; 33:354–361.

Morgan DJ, Croft LD, Deloney V, Popovich KJ, Crnich C, Srinivasan A, Fishman NO, Bryant K, Cosgrove SE and Leekha S. Choosing Wisely in Healthcare Epidemiology and Antimicrobial Stewardship. Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology 2016; 37:755-760. doi:10.1017/ice.2016.61.

Lo E, Nicolle LE, Coffin SE, et al. Strategies to prevent catheter-associated urinary tract infections in acute care hospitals: 2014 update. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2014;35:S32–S47.

Peterson LR, Robicsek A. Does my patient have Clostridium difficile infection?. Ann Intern Med 2009; 151:176–179.

Dubberke ER, Carling P, Carrico R et al. Strategies to prevent Clostridium difficile infections in acute care hospitals: 2014 update. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2014;35:S48–S65.

. Bates DW, Goldman L, Lee TH. Contaminant blood cultures and resource utilization: the true consequences of false-positive results. JAMA 1991;265:365–369.

Morgan DJ, Croft LD, Deloney V, Popovich KJ, Crnich C, Srinivasan A, Fishman NO, Bryant K, Cosgrove SE and Leekha S. Choosing Wisely in Healthcare Epidemiology and Antimicrobial Stewardship. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2016; 37:755-760. doi:10.1017/ice.2016.61.

National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. NICE Clinical Guideline (CG74). Surgical Site Infection (2008). Last Update Feb 2017.

Morgan DJ, Croft LD, Deloney V, Popovich KJ, Crnich C, Srinivasan A, Fishman NO, Bryant K, Cosgrove SE and Leekha S. Choosing Wisely in Healthcare Epidemiology and Antimicrobial Stewardship. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2016; 37:755-760. doi:10.1017/ice.2016.61.

World Health Organization (WHO). Global guidelines on the prevention of surgical site infection. (2016).

Kegelmeyer DA, Kloss AD, Thomas KM, Kostyk SK. Reliability and validity of the Tinetti Mobility Test for individual with Parkinson disease. Phys Ther 2007;87(10):1369-78.

Lin MR, Hwang HF, Hu MH, Wu HDI, Wang YW, Huang FC. Psychometric comparisons of the timed up and go, one-leg stand, functional reach and Tinetti balance measures in community-dwelling older people. J Am Geriatr Soc 2004;52(8):1343-8.

An S, Lee Y, Lee G. Validity of the performance-oriented mobility assessment in predicting fall of stroke survivors: a retrospective cohort study. Tohoku J Exp Med 2014;233(2):79-87.